Automated vehicles (AVs) are believed to have great potential improve the traffic capacity and efficiency of current transport systems. Despite positive findings impact AVs on flow road increase for highways, few studies been performed regarding urban roads. Moreover, considering volume with a mixture human-driven (HDVs) rarely conducted. Therefore, this study investigated gradual increments AV...

Since 1963 intermittent reports have appeared which indicated that deletion of a D chromosome, with or without ring formation, could be associated with various congenital malformations (Bain and Gauld, 1963; Lele, Penrose, and Stallard, 1963; Thompson and Lyons, 1965; Jacobsen, 1966; van Kempen, 1966; Bloom, Gerald, and Reisman, 1967, Gerald et al, 1967; Juberg et al, 1969; Laurent et al, 1967;...

Using a photocross-linking approach we have investigated the cytosolic and membrane components involved in the targeting and insertion of signal-anchor proteins into the membrane of the ER. The nascent chains of both type I and type II signal-anchor proteins can be cross-linked to the 54-kD subunit of the signal recognition particle. Upon addition of rough microsomes the type I and type II sign...

The molecular environment of secretory proteins during translocation across the ER membrane was examined by photocross-linking. Nascent preprolactin chains of various lengths, synthesized by in vitro translation of truncated messenger RNAs in the presence of N epsilon-(5-azido-2-nitrobenzoyl)-Lys-tRNA, signal recognition particle, and microsomal membranes, were used to position photoreactive pr...

Bifunctional cross-linking reagents were used to probe the protein environment in the ER membrane of the signal sequence receptor (SSR), a 24-kD integral membrane glycoprotein (Wiedmann, M., T. V. Kurzchalia, E. Hartmann, and T. A. Rapoport. 1987. Nature [Lond.]. 328:830-833). The proximity of several polypeptides was demonstrated. A 22-kD glycoprotein was identified tightly bound to the 34-kD ...

We have identified membrane components which are adjacent to type I and type II signal-anchor proteins during their insertion into the membrane of the ER. Using two different cross-linking approaches a 37-38-kD nonglycosylated protein, previously identified as P37 (High, S., D. Görlich, M. Wiedmann, T. A. Rapoport, and B. Dobberstein. 1991. J. Cell Biol. 113:35-44), was found adjacent to all th...

The molecular environment of secretory proteins during translocation across the ER membrane was examined by photocross-linking. Nascent preprolactin chains of various lengths, synthesized by in vitro translation of truncated messenger RNAs in the presence of N'-(5-azido-2-nitrobenzoyl)-Lys-tRNA, signal recognition particle, and microsomal membranes, were used to position photoreactive probes at...