Spur dike is one of the hydraulic structures used in rivers to protect river banks. In this paper, flow pattern around a T-shaped spur dike which is located in a 90◦ bend and different amounts of submersion has been studied using Flow-3D. Numerical results have been compared with experimental results and have been analysed.

We examine a dome within the boundary between Fracastorius crater and Mare Nectaris. The has noticeable vent structure appears to be perpendicular wrinkle ridges in southern Nectaris basin. spectral signature of this dome, derived from Clementine UVVIS Chandrayaan-1 M3 reflectance data, revealed that low TiO2 content primarily basaltic material. Using altimeter we measured diameter 28.6 km, wit...

a r t i c l e i n f o Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) images reveal a pre-eruption deformation signal at Kizimen volcano, Kamchatka, Russia, where an ongoing eruption began in mid-November, 2010. The previous eruption of this basaltic andesite-to-dacite stratovolcano occurred in 1927–1928. InSAR images from both ascending and descending orbital passes of Envisat and ALOS PALSAR...

Failure to consider the costs of adaptation strategies can be seen by decision makers as a barrier to implementing coastal protection measures. In order to validate adaptation strategies to sea-level rise in the form of coastal protection, a consistent and repeatable assessment of the costs is necessary. This paper significantly extends current knowledge on cost estimates by developing – and im...

Linear and arcuate rilles (simple graben) represent some of the most distinctive tectonic features on the Moon. They have been interpreted to be linked to impact basin structure (Mason et al., 1976), and to the emplacement of mare deposits in the basins via flexural deformation related to the mare deposit load (Solomon and Head, 1980). Linear rilles are generally thought to represent deformatio...

Ground magnetic survey profiles across a soil-covered and weathered mafic dike in sedimentary host rock not only permit to delineate the strike, width burial depth of intrusive basalt sheet, but also reflect subsurface deformation its clayey weathering products. We illustrate this finding practical geomorphological applicability by an example from mid-German Heldburg Dike Swarm, where blue- oli...

Introduction: Partial melting occurs in planetary bodies due to (1) temperature rise as heat is produced from radioisotope decay; or decompression as parts of the mantle rise due to (2) thermal convection or (3) overturn driven by compositional instability. Case (1) dominated early-forming differentiated asteroids heated by short half-life isotopes [1, 2] but is not relevant to the Moon. There ...

[1] The morphology of the Mangala Fossa graben forming the source of the Mangala Valles implies that two episodes of graben subsidence took place, each induced by lateral dike intrusion from Arsia Mons. Quantitative modeling suggests that graben boundary faults breaching the cryosphere provided pathways for water release from an underlying aquifer at a peak rate of 10 m s . In the first event, ...

Spur dike is a common hydraulic structure, which is widely used in hydraulic engineering such as channel regulation, flood prevention and river diversion for preserving the desired water depth, deflecting the main current and protecting river banks. In actual operations, spur dikes exert influence on river system usually in the form of groups, and the flow field around spur dike group is compli...