garlic is one of the export crops which has a global reputation in terms of taste and quality. zanjan province produces 23 percent of total garlic crop of iran and is one the hubs of garlic production in the country. effective factors on marketing of garlic is not well studied in this province. therefore, the main purpose of this study is analysis of factors affecting marketing of garlic in zan...

Electricity generated by renewable energies (RES-E) already accounts for 25% of Germany’s electricity supply. This has led to recent discussions for a better market integration of RES-E. The paper examines how competing actors and their ideas on market integration developed new services for direct marketing according to their respective origins and tried to shape the regulatory framework. The p...

Marketing has long had a place in the planning and management of public sector recreation. In particular, the use of market segmentation has allowed leisure providers to better understand their clients’ needs and to tailor their services to the diversity of those needs. However, the use of marketing approaches is not without controversy and is sometimes perceived to be at odds with the public s...

The study was conducted to investigate the degree and nature of spatial integration among district level monthly wholesale price of rice in Northwestern and greater Mymensingh region of Bangladesh. Market integration was examined by co-integration method-while price fluctuations were estimated by Error Correction Mechanism (ECM). Stationarity of data was checked with the help of Augmented Dicke...

Currently, the major marketing channel for flower suppliers and retailers in Taiwan is the flower wholesale market. However, when the retailers make purchases in the wholesale market, the dominant suppliers offer poor service, and the retailers find it inconvenient to collect information on the price of flowers. Our study shows that the E-Commerce mechanism of the e-marketplace can improve trad...

Though brand loyalty has been studied extensively in the marketing literature, the relationship between brand loyalty and retail pricing strategies is not well understood. Designing promotion strategies involves two key decisions: the percentage reduction in price from the existing price point (depth), and the frequency with which a product is promoted. These decisions, in turn, are critically ...

This paper uses annual data from 1980-1998 to test two models of the relationship between wholesale and retail marijuana prices. Results from regressions of retail prices on wholesale prices reject a multiplicative model, in which the difference in prices between levels is proportional to the wholesale price, in favor of an additive model, in which the price difference is a fixed amount. This f...