The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate enamel microhardness following bleaching treatments using either high- or low-concentration hydrogen peroxide (HP) agents containing calcium and/or fluoride. Sixty enamel blocks were bleached with 1 of 6 different bleaching agents (n = 10). The high-concentration HP agents were Whiteness HP Maxx (35% HP), Whiteness HP Blue (35% HP, 2% calcium gluco...

It is well known that the optimal concentration of fluorescent whitening agent (FWA) in bath results high whiteness single component textiles. At same time, due to fluorescence FWA, higher UV protection achieved as well. However, for textile blends it not so easy achieve. Depending on fabric chemical composition, different FWAs must be applied. Therefore, influence FWA constitution and cotton c...

Employing a systematic literature review, this study explores research into whiteness studies in Norwegian education. Whiteness is broached as sociogenic rather than phylogenic phenomenon homologous with constructed social categories such class. The review shows preponderance of tiny number academics studying whiteness, reticence and discomfort grappling white privilege hierarchy where the indi...

A phosphorylated form of cotton gauze for treatment of chronic wounds was designed to improve the wound dressing’s capacity to remove harmful proteases from the wound and facilitate healing. Development of the fabric finishing chemistry of the wound dressing with a process suitable for textile mill production required adapting the stationary finishing chemistry of the cotton phosphorylation fro...

This article deconstructs the conventional theory that "brightness" and "lightness" constitute perceptual dimensions corresponding to the physical dimensions of luminance and reflectance, and builds in its place the theory that brightness and lightness correspond to computationally defined "modes," rather than dimensions, of perception. According to the theory, called gamut relativity, "blackne...

This study examined the effect of 10% and 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on the surface microhardness of micro-particulate feldspathic ceramics (VM7 and VM13, Vita Zahnfabrik). Forty specimens (8-mm diameter, 2-mm thickness) were divided into four groups (n=10): GI-VM7 + 10% Whiteness, G2-VM7 + 16% Whiteness, G3-VM13 + 10% and G4-VM13 + 16% Whiteness. The home-use bleaching agents were...

In this article, I reflect on Signithia Fordham and John Ogbu’s classic research on the “burden of ‘acting White’ ” to develop a long overdue dialogue between Africana studies and critical white studies. It highlights the dialectical nature of Fordham and Ogbu’s philosophy of race and critical race theory by locating the origins of the “burden of ‘acting White’ ” in the work of W.E.B. Du Bois, ...