The purpose of this research is to study the accumulative effect repetitively adding groundwater on engineering properties coarse grain salinized embankment fill material. Large-scale compression and characteristics tests were carried out different salt content samples. Based laboratory test results, influence factors analyzed by with SO42– or CL–. With increase added water containing CL–, comp...

1. Comparative studies of blood serum and edema fluid from the same individual indicate that, regardless of the pathological condition present, whether the fluid be "transudate" or "exudate," certain definite qualitative chemical relations obtain. 2. The chief feature of these relations is that the edema fluid contains more Cl and less K than the blood serum; while the Na, HCO(3), Ca, urea, glu...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Pyrazinamide is an essential component of first line anti-tuberculosis regimen as well as most of the second line regimens. This drug has a unique sterilizing activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its unique role in tuberculosis treatment has lead to the search and development of its structural analogues. One such analogue is 5-chloro-pyrazinamide (5-Cl-PZA) that ...

Halite (NaCl) and gypsum or anhydrite (CaSO4) are water-soluble minerals found in soils of the driest regions of Earth, and only modest attention has been given to the hydrological processes that distribute these salts vertically in soil profiles. The two most notable chloride and sulfate-rich deserts on earth are the Dry Valleys of Antarctica and the Atacama Desert of Chile. While each is hype...

Gattineni J, Twombley K, Goetz R, Mohammadi M, Baum M. Regulation of serum 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D3 levels by fibroblast growth factor 23 is mediated by FGF receptors 3 and 4. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 301: F371–F377, 2011. First published May 11, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00740.2010.—Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a phosphaturic hormone implicated in the pathogenesis of several hypophosph...

Pendrin is expressed in the apical regions of type B and non-A, non-B intercalated cells, where it mediates Cl(-) absorption and HCO3(-) secretion through apical Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange. Since pendrin is a robust I(-) transporter, we asked whether pendrin is upregulated with dietary I(-) restriction and whether it modulates I(-) balance. Thus I(-) balance was determined in pendrin null and in wi...

Split lamellae of posterior gills of Chinese crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) acclimated to fresh water were mounted in a modified Ussing-type chamber, and the transepithelial short-circuit current and conductance were measured. The epithelium shows independent active and electrogenic absorption mechanisms for Na+ and Cl- that can be measured as positive and negative short-circuit currents, respectiv...

Mapping of cathodoluminescent active materials to show growth zoning, trace element variations and valence is becoming more common [1]. The desire to capture cathodoluminescence (CL) maps from samples that are weakly emitting arises for two reasons. Firstly, the chemical spatial resolution in maps is related to the accelerating voltage used, and the drive for higher resolution x-ray maps is lea...