Three experiments used rats to examine the effect of a single bout of voluntary activity (wheel running) on the acquisition, extinction, and reconsolidation of context conditioned fear. In Experiment 1, rats provided with access to a wheel for 3 h immediately before or after a shocked exposure to a context froze more when tested in that context than rats provided with access to the wheels 6 h a...

A wheelchair undergoes vibrations while traveling over obstacles and uneven surfaces, resulting in whole body vibration of the person sitting in the wheelchair. According to clinicians, people with spinal cord injury (SCI) report that vibration evokes spasticity. The relatively new Spinergy wheelchair wheels (Spinergy, Inc; San Diego, California) are claimed to absorb more road shock then conve...

Nowadays, the every vehicle existed mostly still using the two wheel steering system to control the movement of the vehicle whether it is front wheel drive, rear wheel drive or all wheel drive. But due to the awareness of safety, four wheel steering vehicles are being used increasingly due to high performance and stability that they bring to the vehicles. In this report, the performance of four...

In this investigation, experiments were carried out to understand the influence of various grinding parameters like wheel speed, workspeed and depth of cut on the grinding temperature at the surface of the Al-SiCP composite workpiece with different grinding wheels. The temperature distribution within the workpiece was studied by simulating the grinding process and using finite element analysis ...

A new treatment of the path of the rear wheels of single and multiple axle vehicles produces simple first order differential equations for the motion of the rear wheels relative to the front wheels. We show for the first time, under the assumption of no slipping, that the path of the rear wheels depends only on the path of the front wheels and not on the vehicle speed. We examine motion along s...

Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) run extensively in exercise wheels. This running may cause paw lesions. Three treatments of these wounds (topical application of vitamin E, wheel blocking, and a combination of both) were compared using both sexes. A pretreatment period with or without wheels lasted 15 days and the ensuing treatment period lasted 45 days. At the end of the pre-treatment pe...

This paper presents a novel chassis structure for advanced mobility platforms, using caster wheels with disturbance observers, and independent driving motors. The system consists of two independent driving wheels and two caster wheels. The proposed configuration enables the vehicle to have: a low mechanical stiffness against the direct yaw moment input because caster wheels are free to rotate; ...

We study the unwheeled rational Kontsevich integral of torus knots. We give a precise formula for these invariants up to loop degree 3 and show that they appear as a coloring of simple diagrams. We show that they behave under cyclic branched coverings in a very simple way. Our proof is combinatorial: it uses the results of Wheels and Wheelings and new decorations of diagrams.

We present a family of tractable dynamic global games and its applications. Agents privately learn about a fixed fundamental, and repeatedly adjust their investments while facing frictions. The game exhibits many externalities: payoffs may depend on the volume of investment, on its volatility, and on its concentration. The solution is driven by an invariance result: aggregate investment is (in ...