Search engine queries are often very short and usually lack explicit semantic structure or indication of intent. Recog­ nizing in tent is receiving increased atten tion since it enables a search engine to trigger a dedicated answer and presen­ ta tion module. This way search engines increasingly move from a docum ent ranking system to an answer facility. In this study we investigate whether it ...

Answers to wh-questions are the most widespread method elicit information focus. When studying syntax of focus, however, this is problematic because natural answer a wh-question often fragment that only includes This problem has led considerable controversy in literature about position which focus realized, particularly for Spanish, but also Catalan. In order enhance naturalness and reliability...

materials and methods we divided 30 male wistar rats to three (n = 10) groups; including cr, wh and sham (water only) groups. each group was administered (by gavage) the supplements for an intermediate dosage during 25 days. after this period, they became anesthetized using a ketamine-xylazine (kx) and their time to anesthesia and analgesia, and total sleep time were recorded. results data were...

Using a self-paced reading task, the present study investigates how highly proficient second language (L2) speakers of German with English as their native language process unambiguous wh-subject-extractions and wh-object-extractions in German. Previous monolingual research has shown that English and German exhibit different processing preferences for the type of wh-question under investigation,...

The present study mainly investigates the interaction of syntaxmarked focus and wh-question induced focus on the formation of F0 patterns in Standard Chinese (Hereinafter, SC). Acoustic experiment demonstrates that the syntax-marked (lian or shi) focus can co-exist with the wh-question induced focus. The results are two folds: (i) the two kinds of focuses can add together to trigger more obviou...

the present study aimed at investigating the possible impact ofzone of proximal development (zpd) on the learners’ performance. forty-sixiranian university students participated in this study by taking two types of readingcomprehension tests (i.e., the main idea and wh-question type). the researchersused the winstep program to analyze the data and estimate the learners’ raschmeasure in pre, pos...

Van Valin (Journal of Child Language 29, 2002, 161-75) presents a critique of Rowland & Pine (Journal of Child Language 27, 2000, 157-81) and argues that the wh-question data from Adam (in Brown, A first language, Cambridge, MA, 1973) cannot be explained in terms of input frequencies as we suggest. Instead, he suggests that the data can be more successfully accounted for in terms of Role and Re...

The use of two markers of prosodic finality in French, vowel lengthening and high vowel breathiness/devoicing, were compared among statements and questions of various types (echo-questions, Wh-questions, questions with inverted subject and verb). The comparison focuses on the relation between sentence-final intonation and the other markers of finality. The intonation pattern of statements and W...

Oehrle (1994) introduced a categorial grammar architecture in which word order is represented using the terms of a typed λ-calculus and the syntactic type system is based on linear logic. In this paper, we use a variant of this architecture, similar to λ-grammar (Muskens 2003, 2007b), to analyze interrogatives in English and Chinese. We show that separating word order (phenogrammar) and syntact...