The numerical performance of lattice-based adaptive signal processing algorithms is shown to involve the conditioning of a 2 × 2 matrix whose off-diagonal elements contain reflection coefficients. Degraded algorithmic performance for the a posteriori Recursive Least Squares Lattice (RLSL) is shown to be attributed to the ill-conditioning of this matrix. Theoretical results are given which may b...

Background: GABAergic drugs can modulate the rewarding properties of morphine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of isoniazid, as a GABAergic agent, on the rewarding effects of morphine. Methods: Eighteen groups of female mice (eight per group) were used in a conditioned place preference (CPP) study. On the conditioning phase of the CPP p...

In this paper we present a new associative model of classical conditioning based on a neural network. The new model is compared with a number of other well-known models of classical conditioning. The experiments that are used to evaluate the new model are commonly used and they represent the set of tasks that a model of classical conditioning needs to address in order to be successful. The new ...

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells need initial conditioning, activation or break-in the first time they are operated after being assembled. During this period performance of the fuel cell improves until it reaches its nominal performance. The exact mechanism of this initial conditioning is not completely understood, but it is assumed that during the conditioning process the polymer membra...

MECP2 mutations underlying Rett syndrome cause widespread misregulation of gene expression. Functions for MeCP2 other than transcriptional are not well understood. In an ex vivo brain preparation from the pond turtle Trachemys scripta elegans, an intraexonic splicing event in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene generates a truncated mRNA transcript in naïve brain that is suppresse...

The contribution of the amygdala and hippocampus to the acquisition of conditioned fear responses to a cue (a tone paired with footshock) and to context (background stimuli continuously present in the apparatus in which tone-shock pairings occurred) was examined in rats. In unoperated controls, responses to the cue conditioned faster and were more resistant to extinction than were responses to ...

OBJECTIVE To design Canadian guidelines advising obstetric care providers of the maternal, fetal, and neonatal implications of aerobic and strength-conditioning exercises in pregnancy. OUTCOMES Knowledge of the impact of exercise on maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity, and of the maternal measures of fitness. EVIDENCE MEDLINE search from 1966 to 2002 for English-language articles relate...

Colchicine, a potent neurotoxin derived from plants, has been recently introduced as a degenerative toxin of small pyramidal cells in the cortical area 1 of the hippocampus (CA1). In this study, the effect of the alkaloid in CA1 on the behaviors in the conditioning task was measured. Injections of colchicine (1,5 μg/rat, intra-CA1) was performed in the male Wistar rats, while the animals were s...

It is well established that the brain can be prepared to resist or tolerate ischemic stroke injury, and mitochondrion is a major target for this tolerance. The preparation of ischemic stroke tolerance can be achieved by three major approaches: ischemic conditioning, hypoxic conditioning and chemical conditioning. In each conditioning approach, there are often two strategies that can be used to ...

We examined the effects of acute injections of competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV) into the dorsal hippocampus on contextual fear conditioning and classical eyeblink conditioning in C57BL/6 mice. When injected 10 to 40 min before training, APV severely impaired contextual fear conditioning. Thus, APV injection under these conditions ...