Approximately half the world's population now has replacement-level fertility or below. The UK experience in accommodating to a changing dependency ratio provides some generalizable insights. A mechanistic approach assuming a fixed retirement age and a need to raise fertility or increase immigration in order to maintain pensions at a fixed proportion of the gross domestic product (GDP) is overs...

National Institutes of Health) to conduct studies and demonstration projects leading to strengthening of family life ; c. urging the Federal Government to encourage States to utilize appropriate available services of voluntary agencies, as well as involving them in studying problems of family disintegration and breakdown and in developing coordinated programs for strengthening of family life; a...

Welfare reform, if it is to be successful in the longer-term, needs to be based on a carefully thought out political strategy. The new political arithmetic, where the poor are an electoral minority, and many working class voters have rising aspirations, requires welfare reform to appeal to the interests of the majority. While welfare reform similarly must work with rather than against the grain...

This paper analyzes the determinants of the welfare state. In a model that integrates majority voting and lobbying by interest groups, we show how the bargaining power of the unskilled and the skilled workers’ lobby affects the size of the welfare state: The more influential the union representing the unskilled, the greater the extent of redistribution. On the other hand, the presence of depend...

The public concern that immigrant families might be using a disproportionate share of social benefits and transmitting some form of public dependency to their children, combined with the rising levels of immigrants entering the country, fueled the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act in 1996, which limited public assistance to many immigrant families. T...

Comparing case studies of long-term, large-scale urban regeneration projects in Glasgow and Edinburgh, Scotland, this paper brings together two addendums to the rent gap model shape ‘reputational gap’ ‘state subsidy gap’. These neologisms are mobilised clarify risk-laden centrality state’s role both formation potential closure gaps areas disinvestment devalorisation. Whilst such often appear as...

The combined effect of lowered fertility and improved health and longevity has generated growing numbers and proportions of the elderly throughout the world. This desk-review study is based on available secondary information from published and unpublished sources including web searches. The dependency ratio is showing an increasing trend in Nepal because of youth migration. Therefore, a holisti...

Emergency shelter care for children entering foster care is widely used as a temporary first placement, despite its contraindications. However, little research has examined predictors of utilization (e.g., entry into care, length of stay in care). A sample of 123 children (ages 6-13) entering foster care was studied to explore the variables associated with an initial placement in shelter care v...