XBarnacle was built to meet the challenge of incorporating interactive features in the automated theorem prover CLAM whilst preserving the advantages of automation. Many people are not able to use theorem provers to their full strength. The aim of our research is to make semi-automated theorem proving a real possibility for a wide range of people – from those primarily interested in formal spec...

We present the outline of a “closed-loop attention model” (CLAM), to model attentional phenomena such as visual search. CLAM consists of four “parts”: retinotopic areas, feature maps, spatial maps, and working memory. These parts form a closed-loop “diamond” structure, with reciprocal connections. Visual search will result from the dynamic interactions in the diamond connection structure of CLA...

Quahog Parasite Unknown (QPX) is a potentially lethal pathogen of the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria along the northeastern coast of the United States. In the Raritan Bay wild clam population, QPX prevalence and infection intensity at three sites were examined by both histology and quantitative PCR in 2006. At two of three sites, QPX infection showed a seasonal pattern, with prevalence and wei...

To survive the juvenile stage, giant clam juveniles need to establish a symbiotic relationship with the microalgae Symbiodinium occurring in the environment. The percentage of giant clam juveniles succeeding in symbiosis establishment ("symbiosis rate") is often low, which is problematic for seed producers. We investigated how and why symbiosis rates vary, depending on whether giant clam seeds ...

Neurons from the butter clam Saxidomus giganteus and its congener the Washington clam S. nuttalli were shown to be 10 to 100 times more resistant to the dinoflagellate toxin saxitoxin (STX) than those from 4 CO-occurring infaunal bivalves, Mya arenaria, M, truncata, Tresus capax and Protothaca staminea. Only neurons from the venerid clam Humilan'a kennerlyi proved more resistant than those of S...

In nature the soft shell clam Mya arenaria develops a fatal neoplasm that shares molecular similarity with an unrelated group of human cancers. In leukemic clam hemocytes, wild-type p53 and mortalin proteins co-localize in the cytoplasm. A similar phenotype, characterized by cytoplasmic sequestration of wild-type p53 protein, has been observed in several human cancers (undifferentiated neurobla...

Hemagglutinating proteins (HAPs) were purified from Poker-chip Venus (Meretrix lusoria) and Corbicula clam (Corbicula fluminea) using gel-filtration chromatography on a Sephacryl S-300 column. The molecular weights of the HAPs obtained from Poker-chip Venus and Corbicula clam were 358 kDa and 380 kDa, respectively. Purified HAP from Poker-chip Venus yielded two subunits with molecular weights o...

The CLaM proof planner has been interfaced to the HOL interactive theorem prover to provide the power of proof planning to people using HOL for formal verification, etc. The interface sends HOL goals to CLaM for planning and translates plans back into HOL tactics that solve the initial goals. The project homepage can be found at http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/HVG/Clam.HOL/intro.html.

Contact lens type amniotic membrane (CLAM) is a promising new approach to using in ophthalmology. It can be used treat range of ocular surface disorders, including dry eye disease, corneal ulcers, and chemical burns. CLAM help reduce inflammation, promote epithelialization wound healing, improve clarity vision. Its ease handling application, combined with its potential therapeutic benefits, mak...