The vascularized free osteocutaneous fibula flap has become a universal technique for reconstruction of bone and soft tissue defects in the lower leg since Taylor et alfirst described it in 1975.1 The fibula and overlying skin paddle are usually nourished by a single pedicle composed of the peroneal artery and comitant veins. However, to the best of our knowledge, five authors have described a ...

Positively charged voltage sensors of sodium and potassium channels are driven outward through the membrane's electric field upon depolarization. This movement is coupled to channel opening. A recent model based on studies of the KvAP channel proposes that the positively charged voltage sensor, christened the "voltage-sensor paddle", is a peripheral domain that shuttles its charged cargo throug...

Four scintillation paddles and coincidence techniques are used to determine the overall flux and angular distribution of cosmic ray muons. The muon lifetime is measured using rare events where, after passage of a muon into a scintillator is detected, its decay is also detected a short time later. The distribution of the decay times provides information about the average muon lifetime. Statistic...

We present a system that determines whether an adult-sized humanoid has correctly played a pitched percussive instrument in real time. Human musicians utilize sensory feedback to determine if they are playing their instruments correctly and robot performers should be capable of the same feat. We present a classification algorithm that uses auditory and haptic feedback to decide if a note was we...

This paper presents work in the field of distributed exertion games, which are controlled by moving the body. People play these games together while being located at different places in the world. The novel contribution of this paper is the introduction of distributed team play in which both collocated and distributed players participate. In our Distributed Interactive Pong Playground (DIPP) pl...

A technique developed for studying the mechanical behavior of nano-scale thin metal films on substrate is presented. The test structure was designed on a novel “paddle” cantilever beam specimens with dimensions as few hundred nanometers to less than 10 nanometers. This beam is in triangle shape in order to provide uniform plane strain distribution. Standard clean room processing was used to pre...

Introduction In recent years,there has been a strong push to identify bioavailability problems of a drug formulation based on the results of appropriately designed dissolution experiments. Particularly for immediate release (IR) dosage forms, the paddle apparatus has evolved as the method of choice for this purpose (1,2). However,standard paddle experiments require both large volumes of test me...

Case 1 A 60-year-old white male developed neck and bilateral shoulder pain two and a half years ago. There was no history of trauma. He had numbness and paresthesias along the ulnar border of his left forearm and in his left ring and little fingers. Pinprick sensibility was decreased along the medial and lateral borders of his left forearm and in his left middle finger. Reflexes and motor testi...

Voltage-gated ion channels sense transmembrane voltage changes via a paddle-shaped motif that includes the C-terminal part of the third transmembrane segment (S3b) and the N-terminal part of the fourth segment ((NT)S4) that harbors voltage-sensing arginines. Here, we find that residue triplets in S3b and (NT)S4 can be deleted individually, or even in some combinations, without compromising the ...

Nisoldipine is poorly soluble drug. There is no official dissolution method available in the literature or recommended by regulatory agencies. In present study dissolution method was developed. the media selection was done by solubility study of drug in different pH as well as in different surfactant solution. Volume of media was found by calculating sink condition. Sodium lauryl suphate, 1.0% ...