tuned liquid dampers (tld) are among passive control devices that have been used to suppress the vibration of structures in recent years. these structures must be adequately presentable as an equivalent single degree of freedom system with long fundamental period. the tld, located at the top floors of the structure, can dissipate the external input energy into the system through the sloshing ef...

This paper extends our previous study of the breaking probability of dominant deep water gravity surface waves into the finite water depth environment. It reports a unified behavior of the mean breaking statistics once the effects of finite water depth are taken into account. The shallow water wave data that form the basis of this study were acquired at a field experiment site at Lake George, N...

In this paper the wave breaking induced by modulational instability is investigated numerically. The wave train is composed by a fundamental component with two sideband disturbances and the analysis is performed for those conditions in which the instability leads the limiting steepness to be exceeded. Due to the different speeds characterizing individual waves and the peak of the envelope, the ...

[1] Why do ocean waves break? Understanding this important and obvious property of the ocean surface has been elusive for decades. This paper investigates causes which lead deep-water two-dimensional initially monochromatic waves to break. Individual wave steepness is found to be the single parameter which determines whether the wave will break immediately, never break or take a finite number o...

[1] Comparison of ocean buoy measurements with infrasonic array data collected during the epic winter of 2002–2003 shows a clear relationship between breaking ocean wave height and infrasonic signal levels. In addition, infrasonic arrays allow the identification of distinct breaking zones along the shoreline. Our observations suggest that infrasonic measurements can be used in conjunction with ...