South America has been developed from its coast to hinterlands since the beginning of Western colonization. However, this point, no significant effort made integrate interior. Waterways transportation can be considered most sustainable inland mode due low CO2 emissions per ton cargo transport. With in mind, paper investigates history, challenges and opportunities past proposals for construction...

Abstract Looking into the future, (massive) hydraulic structures face a not inconsiderable number of challenges that need to be overcome.

The western pond turtle Emys (formerly Clemmys) marmorata is declining throughout its range, primarily due to loss of habitat via urbanization and conversion to agriculture. Urban waterways present several important challenges to freshwater turtle populations, but they also present an opportunity to maintain declining species in a ubiquitous habitat that has high public visibility. The arboretu...

We address the problem of minimizing aggregated fuel consumption by vessels in an inland waterway, e.g., a river, with single lock. The vessel depends on its velocity and slower it moves, less consumes. Given entry times into waterway deadlines before which they need to leave we start from optimal velocities that minimize their private consumption, where assume selfish behavior skippers. Presen...

Moore swabs (sewer swabs) have been used successfully to culture pathogenic organisms from wastewater. Sensitivity seems to depend on the size of the waterway sampled as well as the number of organisms present. In Santiago, Chile, we placed 24 swabs into the sewers draining the homes of 10 known chronic carriers of typhoid. Swabs were positive for Salmonella typhi in 5 of the 10 households (50%...