Background: Various studies indicate that life style may influence serum enzyme levels. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of waterpipe smoking, immobilization and darkness stress on serum creatine kinase (CK) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in female rats. Materials and Methods: Female Wistar rats were divided into control, waterpipe smoking, immobilized, under...

OBJECTIVES This investigation was performed in order to determine the prevalence rate of waterpipe smoking in students of Erciyes University and the effects of some socio-demographic factors. METHODS A total of 645 students who study the first three grades of the medical faculty and the engineering faculty of Erciyes University were enrolled in the study. A questionnaire including 48 question...

Background: In the last 25 years, rates of waterpipe tobacco smoking have sharply increased in the United States and other Western countries. At the same time, social media platforms such as Instagram have become a popular way to portray content related to waterpipe smoking. Thus, public health researchers have become interested in the potential relationship between the portrayal of waterpipe s...

BACKGROUND: Based on anecdotal evidence, waterpipe may provide gateway to cigarette smoking onset among youth. This hypothesis is yet to be examined using appropriate study design and a theoretical model of behavioral change. AIM: To compare the risk of cigarette smoking initiation for waterpipe-only and never-smokers among a school-based sample of adolescents from Irbid, Jordan. METHODS: A tot...

Despite the increase in attention to waterpipe tobacco smoking, the patterns and predictors of this method of tobacco use among Jordanian youth are not well known. The current study was conducted to assess the patterns and the predictors of waterpipe tobacco smoking among school aged students in one of Jordan's Central Governorates. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the patt...

BACKGROUND Coordinated high-impact interventions and community-level changes in smoking behaviour norms effectively reduced prevalence of smoking among youth in many developed countries. Smoking trends among Jordanian adolescents are likely different than their Western counterparts and must be understood in the context of their daily lives to tailor interventions specifically for adolescents in...

INTRODUCTION Waterpipe tobacco smoking is harmful to health however its prevalence estimates remain uncertain. We aimed to systematically review the medical literature on waterpipe tobacco prevalence and trends. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase and ISI Web of Science for 'waterpipe' and its synonyms, without using language or date restrictions. We included any measure of waterpipe tobacco ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and determinants of waterpipe use among school-going adolescents in Oman. METHODS A cross-sectional, school-based study was conducted in 2003 involving 9 regions of Oman, as part of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Participants were requested to complete an anonymous questionnaire containing demographic characteristics, current and previous use of waterpipe ...

objective(s):this study focused on the effect of waterpipe smoke exposure toxicity on the structure of albino rat’s ventricular tissue and their recovery. materials and methods: albino rats were divided into three groups: control, flavored, and unflavored. the control group was exposed to normal air while the flavored and unflavored groups were exposed to waterpipe smoke for a period of 90 days...

The general lack of knowledge about the health effects of waterpipe smoking is among the reasons for its global spread. In this study, bacterial contamination of waterpipe hoses was investigated. Twenty hoses were collected from waterpipe cafés and screened for bacterial pathogens using standard culture and isolation techniques. Additionally, resistance of isolated bacteria to common antibiotic...