Reusing filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) has been suggested as a strategy to conserve available supplies for home and healthcare environments during an influenza pandemic. For reuse to be possible, used FFRs must be decontaminated before redonning to reduce the risk of virus transmission; however, there are no approved methods for FFR decontamination. An effective method must reduce the m...

The sound speed of a two-phase fluid, such as a magma-gas, water-air, or water-steam mixture, is dramatically different from the sound speed of either pure component. In numerous geologic situations the sound speed of such two-phase systems may be of interest: in the search for magma reservoirs, in seismic exploration of geothermal areas, in prediction of P wave velocity decreases prior to eart...

Hydrogen is getting increasing attention by government and industry leaders, [1], as a very environmentally attractive and clean fuel because its oxidation leads only to water formation. There is abundance of hydrogen in nature, although it is only available for exploitation in a combined state, either in water, hydrocarbons, or coal [2]. Its recovery from these natural resources requires the a...

A set of relative permeability relations for simultaneous ow of steam and water in porous media have been derived from experiments conducted under conditions that eliminate most errors associated with saturation and pressure measurements. These relations show that the relative permeability for steam phase in porous media varies linearly with saturation. The liquid phase, however shows a variati...

A computer program in Visual Basic 6.0 is written to calculate steam tables for pure water up to 800oC and 1400 bar. The steam tables are created as a DLL (Dynamic Link Library) object with properties: temperature, pressure, specific volume, enthalpy and entropy for liquid and vapor phases, and liquidvapor state. The steam tables can be incorporated in any computer program on the Windows platfo...

This paper presents the application of finite element method (FEM) to analyze the tube temperature distribution in a water tube boiler. Two-dimensional (2-D) finite element models are developed where the axi-symmetric triangular elements for the cross section area along the water tube are applied in computer software namely MSC Patran-Nastran. The analysis of the temperature distribution for ev...

teurizers (1). I f these various precautions are not sufficient to produce a satisfactory steam supply, the alternative is the production of culinary steam from potable water, using the unsatisfactory primary steam supply as a source of heat. The 3A recommended practice just referred to includes a sketch of the recommended location of the parts necessary for such an installation. The other alte...

A set of computer programs and data tables of TTSE method to calculate the transport properties of water and steam has been developed. Its accuracy and computing speed were compared to those widely used in current industrial applications. The computing time was found to be half of the current method in the compressed-water and superheated-steam regions, and one-tenth in the supercritical region...

BACKGROUND While advantages of biofuel have been widely reported, studies also highlight the challenges in large scale production of biofuel. Cost of ethanol and process energy use in cellulosic ethanol plants are dependent on technologies used for conversion of feedstock. Process modeling can aid in identifying techno-economic bottlenecks in a production process. A comprehensive techno-economi...