Management of large volumes (60,000 ha-m) of co-production water associated with coal bed natural gas (CBNG) water extraction is a potential concern in the Powder River Basin (PRB) of Wyoming and Montana due to elevated water salinity and sodicity levels. Land application of saline-sodic CBNG water is a common water management method being practiced in the PRB, which can result in deterioration...

Chrysciova quinquecirrha, the common sea nettle infests the Chesapeake Bay waters during the summer season. This coelenterate causes a severe economic problem for this resort area because of the painful sting it iaflicts upon bathers who accidentally come in contact with its tentacles. These stings are thought to result from the injection of nematocyst threads and the introduction of a toxin in...

Land application of coalbed natural gas (CBNG) co-produced water is a popular management option within northwestern Powder River Basin (PRB) of Wyoming. This study evaluated the impacts of land application of CBNG waters on soil chemical properties at five sites. Soil samples were collected from different depths (0-5, 5-15, 15-30, 30-60, 60-90, and 90-120 cm) from sites that were irrigated with...

BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that increasing ocean acidification (OA) should have strong direct and indirect influences on marine invertebrates. While most theory and application for OA is based on relatively physically-stable oceanic ecological systems, less is known about the effects of acidification on nearshore and estuarine systems. Here, we investigated the structuring of a benthic i...

In 1951 William Addison began his history of the English spa by noting that the vast literature on the medical and chemical properties of mineral waters "would as effectively defy analysis as the waters themselves, apparently, invite it" .' Addison, like most later historians, chose to see the spa mainly as a phenomenon of social history, of changes in manners, morals, and amusements.2 Yet our ...

The distribution and behaviour of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in the Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary (ADS), South Australia, was investigated in relation to habitat type and environmental water properties from boat based surveys between May and August 2006. Although the distribution and behaviour of bottlenose dolphins were not related to the physico-chemical properties of the water colum...

In the first volume of his Physical and chemical essays (1779), Torbern Bergman, professor of chemistry and pharmacy at Uppsala in Sweden, discussed the chemical analysis of natural waters, including mineral waters. He remarked that when a weighed quantity of a mineral water was evaporated to dryness the weight of the residues usually amounted to no more than a minute fraction of the original w...

Prey organisms often use multiple sensory cues to gain reliable information about imminent predation threat. In this study we test if a freshwater fish increases the reliance on supplementary cues when the reliability of the primary cue is reduced. Fish commonly use vision to evaluate predation threat, but may also use chemical cues from predators or injured conspecifics. Environmental changes,...

Surfactant stabilized oil-in-water nanoemulsions pose a severe threat to both the environment and human health. Recent development of membrane filtration technology has enabled efficient oil removal from oil/water nanoemulsion, however, the concurrent removal of surfactant and oil remains unsolved because the existing filtration membranes still suffer from low surfactant removal rate and seriou...

With the rise of sustainable development, rehabilitation of brownfield sites located in urban areas has become a major concern. Management of contaminated soils in relation with environmental and sanitary risk concerns is therefore a strong aim needing the development of both useful tools for risk assessment and sustainable remediation techniques. For soils polluted by metals and metalloids (MT...