Static optimization of networks by pricing has attracted significant attention over the last decade. These studies assumed concave utility functions for users and derived optimal pricing strategies for the network provider. In this paper, we consider effect of user’s elasticity to price and bandwidth on optimality of pricing. We first derive optimal pricing strategy for the case of logarithmic ...

The global effort toward sustainable development has initiated a transition in water management. Water utility companies use water-pricing policies as an instrument for controlling residential water demand. To support policy makers in their decisions, the authors have developed DAWN, a hybrid model for evaluating water-pricing policies. DAWN integrates an agent-based social model for the consum...

Financial models are largely used in option pricing. These physical models capture several salient features of asset price dynamics. The pricing performance can be significantly enhanced when they are combined with nonparametric learning approaches, that empirically learn and correct pricing errors through estimating state price distributions. In this paper, we propose a new semiparametric meth...

the serious obstacles to improve water supply, has caused world debates, seeking some solutions to tackle the problem of shortages in water supply. t. therefore, programs and policies have focused mainly on appropriate pricing approachof. since the water industry in iran has been monopolized by the government, an effective pricing approach is assumed to maximize the social welfare with consider...

background and aim: toothbrushes cannot reach all interdental areas. interdental cleaning is an important part of oral hygiene care. the purpose of this study was to compare the supragingival plaque removal efficacy of an interdental cleaning power device (aquajet) and dental floss. materials and methods: thirty subjects were enrolled in this single-blind, split mouth clinical trial. all the su...

Unfair pricing policies have been shown to be one of the most negative perceptions customers can have concerning pricing, and may result in long-term losses for a company. Despite the fact that dynamic pricing models help companies maximize revenue, fairness and equality should be taken into account in order to avoid unfair price differences between groups of customers. This paper shows how to ...

We used a no-arbitrage, cost-of-carry pricing model to examine whether equity spot and futures markets are cointegrated. A stock index and its futures price should be cointegrated if the cost of carry is stationary. Otherwise, the appropriate cointegrating relationship is trivariate. We found that the Standard and Poor’s 500 index, associated futures series, and interest rate are all nonstation...