BACKGROUND Heat collection rate and heat loss coefficient are crucial indicators for the evaluation of in service water-in-glass evacuated tube solar water heaters. However, the direct determination requires complex detection devices and a series of standard experiments, wasting too much time and manpower. FINDINGS To address this problem, we previously used artificial neural networks and sup...

Water heating is a major component of domestic electrical energy usage, in some countries contributing to 25% the residential sector consumption. Demand response strategies can reduce time-of-use costs and overall We present method usage itself. Our novel schedule control minimises electric water heater's without compromising user convenience. achieve optimal control, while taking into account ...

Bubble columns are gas- liquid contactors that are widely used in chemical and bio- chemical industries. High mixing that result in high heat and mass transfer rates are amongst their advantages. Heat transfer in a bubble column having a bundle of heaters investigated and the variation of heat transfer coefficient with variation in heaters pitch to diameter ratios in a bundle of heaters reporte...

In the context of a world energy crisis, only solution to control situation is in management energy. One most important keys optimization electrical components. This article presents complete numerical and experimental study aiming for water heaters household use. The conceives minimization consumption simultaneously with time heat water. Firstly, thermal model well adapted case constructed val...

A membrane-based gas humidification apparatus was employed to actively manage the amount of water vapor entrained in the reactant gas supplied to a fuel cell stack. The humidification system utilizes a gas bypass and a series of heaters to achieve accurate and fast humidity and temperature control. A change in fuel cell load induces a reactant mass flow rate disturbance to this humidification s...

This paper demonstrates the need and potential for using waste heat recovery (WHR) systems from infrared gas radiant heaters, which are typical sources in large halls, due to increasing energy-saving requirements buildings EU powerful wide-spread development of e-commerce market. The types heaters discussed classification WHR these devices is performed. article also presents first time our inno...

BACKGROUND Use of fuel heaters is associated with childhood asthma. However, no studies have evaluated the associations of flue use and mechanical ventilation (ventilation) with asthma symptoms in schoolchildren. METHODS This cross-sectional study investigated schoolchildren in grades 1 through 6 (age 6-12 years) in Sapporo, Japan. From November 2008 through January 2009, parents completed qu...

World-wide water scarcity, especially in the developing world, indicates a pressing need to develop inexpensive, decentralized small-scale desalination technologies which use renewable resources of energy. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the stateof-the-art in one of the most promising of these technologies, solar-driven humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination. Previous...

Abstract In this review, flat plate and concentrate-type solar collectors, integrated collector–storage systems, water heaters combined with photovoltaic–thermal modules, solar-assisted heat pump heaters, using phase change materials are studied based on their thermal performance, cost, energy, exergy efficiencies. The maximum temperature efficiencies enlisted to evaluate the performance of dif...