Biotic Ligand Models (BLMs) for metals are widely applied in ecological risk assessments and in the development of regulatory water quality guidelines in Europe, and in 2007 the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) recommended BLM-based water quality criteria (WQC) for Cu in freshwater. However, to-date, few states have adopted BLM-based Cu criteria into their water quality sta...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of disinfectants and distilled water on the micro-hardness of heat cure acrylic resins. METHODS The case-control study was conducted at Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, and Nadirshaw Edulji Dinshaw University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, from April to October 2011. Specimens were fabricate...

in this study, the effects of moisture content and corn variety on the physicochemical properties of popcorn were investigated and modeled using response surface methodology. each of the two corn varieties (hybrid corn ksc 600 pc and american) was prepared with a range of moisture (six moisture levels ranging from 10 to 20%) and popped by a hot air popper. variety and moisture content affected ...

The mechanical properties of medium carbon steel (0.36C) were investigated under two different quenching media (water and palm oil). The properties are: the strengths, impact and hardness of the material. The investigations centered on unheat treated, normalized; water and palm oil quenched, and tempered conditions. The tempering temperature is 200°C. An AISI steel of grade C1035 was used for c...

One of the most important natural resources is the water. Surface and ground waters are the main sources and there are several differences between them. We need not only water in adequate quantities to cover the human necessities but also we have to develop systems that deliver a good quality of water. The majority of human uses require fresh water. However, in water sources there are several u...

Background: There are great resources of natural zeolite in Iran. Zeolite, an inorganic ion-exchanger, may be used as a suitable technical-economical solution for water treatment in many regions of Iran. In this study, the characterization of natural zeolite natrolite and the feasibility of removing hardness, cations, and anions were investigated. Methods: First, zeolite composition and type...

OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effect of sports and energy drinks on the surface hardness of different composite resin restorative materials over a 1-month period. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 168 specimens: Compoglass F, Filtek Z250, Filtek Supreme, and Premise were prepared using a customized cylindrical metal mould and they were divided into six groups (N=42; n=7 per group). For th...

There are various techniques for removal of water hardness each with its own special advantages and disadvantages. Electrochemical or electrocoagulation method due to its simplicity has gained a great attention and is used for removal of various ions and organic matters. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of this technique in removal of water hardness under different...

Hexavalent chromium is a bio accumulative toxic metal in water and fish. It enters aquaculture ponds mainly through anthropogenic sources. Hexavalent chromium concentrations and its effects on the morphology and behavior of Clarias gariepinus were investigated from four aquaculture ponds for 12 weeks. Chromium was measured using diphenyl carbohdrazide method; alkalinity and hardness were measur...

background & aims of the study: corrosion and scaling play undesirable effects on transmission and distribution system of drinking water. the aim of this study was to assess the corrosion and scaling potential of drinking water resources in babol city. materials and methods: totally, 54 water samples were collected from 27 wells in spring and autumn. calciu m hardness, ph, total alkalinity, tot...