The disposal and management of solid wastes are ancient problems. The evolution of practices naturally changed as populations grew and sites for disposal became less acceptable. The central search was for easy disposal at minimum costs. The methods changed from indiscriminate dumping to sanitary landfill, feeding to swine, reduction, incineration, and various forms of re-use and recycling. Virt...

This article focuses on sati:sfactions derived from the recycling of household solid waste materials. Data from 107 respondents to a mail-back questionnaire were subjected to dimension~1 analysis and analysis of variance. The results indicate that people derive a series ofseparate and distinct satisfactions from both recycling and reusing materials. The satisfactions were quite specific, involv...

Evaluation of disease in populations exposed to hazardous waste dumps requires: documentation of the chemicals in a dump; assessment of the materials released from the dump into environmental media; tracing of the probable routes of human exposure (groundwater, air, direct contact, or occupational); development, when possible, of individual exposure estimates and/or direct biological assessment...

Recent studies have shown the potential of food waste materials as low cost adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals and toxic elements from wastewater. However, the adsorption experiments have been performed in heterogeneous conditions, consequently it is difficult to compare the efficiency of the individual adsorbents. In this study, the adsorption capacities of 12 food waste materials were...

increasingly, companies are focusing on waste reduction in the entire manufacturing process rather than just on end-of-the-pipe waste. The techniques used in waste reduction can be broken own into four major categories-managing inventory, modifying production processes, educing waste volume, and recovering waste. Within each category, examples are given of process or materials changes or modifi...

The growth in various types of industries together with population growth has resulted in enormous increase in production of various types of waste materials world over creating a problem of its disposal in eco-friendly way. To deal with the problem, study on use of plastic waste as partial replacement to bitumen in flexible pavement is considered in the present work. The work consists of an ex...

Solid waste management in steel industry is broadly classified in “4 Rs” i.e. reduce, reuse, recycle and restore the materials. Reuse and recycling the entire solid waste generated in the process of steel making is a viable solution in targeting a clean, green and zero waste technology leading to sustainable development of the steel industry. Solid waste management has gained importance in stee...

This synopsis of FT-IR spectroscopic applications in waste management covers relevant issues regarding monitoring, process and quality control. Quality in this context means low reactivity, low gas forming potential and compliance with limit values of materials to be landfilled, appropriate compost ingredients and improvement of the stable carbon pool by humification of compost organic matter. ...

According to the revised European Union (EU) Directive on Waste (2008/98/EC), widely known as Waste Framework Directive (WFD), waste prevention embraces all the measures taken before a substance, material or product has become waste, that reduce the quantity of waste, the adverse impacts of the generated waste on environmental and human health, and the content of harmful substances in materials...