BACKGROUND The cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 is responsible for the metabolism of S-warfarin. Two known allelic variants CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 differ from the wild type CYP2C9*1 by a single aminoacid substitution in each case. The allelic variants are associated with impaired hydroxylation of S-warfarin in in-vitro expression systems. We have studied the effect of CYP2C9 polymorphism on the in-vivo wa...

conclusions simpleprobe® real-time pcr is a fast and accurate technique qualified to detect vkorc1 and cyp2c9 snps. these results encourage taking further steps towards using vkorc1 and cyp2c9 allelic screening to prevent clinical complications due to resistance or sensitivity to warfarin as well as anti-coagulant dose adjustment. results the allelic frequencies for vkorc1 c1173t (cc, ct, tt) w...

Prediction models are the key to individualized drug therapy. Warfarin is a typical example of where pharmacogenetics could help the individual patient by modeling the dose, based on clinical factors and genetic variation in CYP2C9 and VKORC1. Clinical studies aiming to show whether pharmacogenetic warfarin dose predictions are superior to conventional initiation of warfarin are now underway. T...

Amiodarone and tramadol are known to have drug-drug interactions that potentiate the effects of anticoagulant warfarin. Herein we report a case which suggests increasing prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) PT-INR/dose due concomitant administration warfarin, amiodarone (a cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitor) (an enhancer warfarin). A 72-year-old woman underwent emergency surgery ...

INTRODUCTION The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic effects of warfarin were assessed in the presence and absence of taranabant, an orally active, highly selective, potent, cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonist, which was being developed for the treatment of obesity. METHODS Twelve subjects were assigned to two open-label treatments in fixed sequence separated by a 14-day washout. Treatment A w...

BACKGROUND The management of warfarin therapy is complicated by a wide variation among patients in drug response. Variants in the gene encoding vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1) may affect the response to warfarin. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of European-American patients receiving long-term warfarin maintenance therapy. Multiple linear-regression analysis was used...

BACKGROUND VKORC1 is reported to be capable of treating several diseases with thrombotic risk, such as cardiac valve replacement. Some single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VKORC1 are documented to be associated with clinical differences in warfarin maintenance dose. This study explored the correlations of VKORC1-1639 G/A, 1173 C/T and 497 T/G genetic polymorphisms with warfarin maintenance...

Objective: Association studies on the effects of GGCX gene polymorphisms on warfarin stable dose have shown conflicting results. The aim of this study is to quantitatively summarize whether GGCX gene polymorphisms have potential roles in warfarin dose requirement. Methods: Publications were searched in PubMed, Medline and ISI Web of Knowledge and chosen by exact inclusion and exclusion criteria...

Article history: Received on: 01/06/2016 Revised on: 18/08/2016 Accepted on: 05/09/2016 Available online: 29/11/2016 This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in warfarin doses among patients after heart valve surgery and atrial fibrillation. A total of 137 patients having AF, AVR and MVR whom initiate warfarin therapy in year 2008 till 2010 in Penang Hospital were selected as samples fo...