Neuroimaging studies have produced seemingly contradictory findings in regards to the pathophysiology of insomnia. Although most study results are interpreted from the perspective of a "hyperarousal" model, the aggregate findings from neuroimaging studies suggest a more complex model is needed. We provide a review of the major findings from neuroimaging studies, then discuss them in relation to...

BACKGROUND Sleep-wake disturbances are frequently reported following traumatic brain injury (TBI), but they remain poorly documented in the acute stage of injury. Little is known about their origin and evolution. CASE PRESENTATION This study presents the case of a patient in the acute phase of a severe TBI. The patient was injured at work when falling 12 m into a mine and was hospitalized in ...

OBJECTIVE Disruption of the circadian rhythm is known as a provoking factor for manic episodes. Individual differences exist in the recovery rate from disruption in the general population. To develop a screening method to detect individuals vulnerable to bipolar disorder, the authors observed the relationship between the recovery of the normal sleep-wake cycle after switching the light-dark (LD...

Cerebellar malformations cause changes to the sleep-wake cycle, resulting in sleep disturbance. However, it is unclear how the cerebellum contributes to the sleep-wake cycle. To examine the neural connections between the cerebellum and the nuclei involved in the sleep-wake cycle, we investigated the axonal projections of Purkinje cells in the mouse posterior vermis by using an adeno-associated ...

early brain dysfunction that could be assessed as an outcome measure in response to therapeutic interventions. very mildly impaired humans who are developing AD pathology, the sleep-wake cycle may be a useful indicator of accumulation. If analogous abnormalities in the sleep-wake cycle are present in cognitively normal and β caused by A fluctuation and normal sleep patterns. These findings sugg...

The results of previous studies on the menstrual-related sleep changes were inconsistent. The menstrual-related circadian sleep-wake and rest-activity rhythms changes are still uncertain. Using actigraphic monitoring of wrist activity, we investigated the sleep-wake and rest-activity patterns of 12 normally cyclic healthy women during reproductive life. Multivariate analyses were performed duri...

Our previous study demonstrated that physical exercise under dim lights (<10 lux) accelerated reentrainment of the sleep-wake cycle but not the circadian melatonin rhythm to an 8-h phase-advanced sleep schedule, indicating differential effects of physical exercise on the human circadian system. The present study examined the effects of bright light (>5,000 lux) on exercise-induced acceleration ...

Norepinephrine (NE)-containing locus ceruleus (LC) has been known to participate in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle according to the differential firing rate. The aim of this study was to know the change of extracellular NE level in the rat amygdala, which are reciprocally connected with LC, during sleep-wakefulness. Extracellular NE levels in the rat amygdala were investigated during di...