Active proteinase 3C of hepatitis A virus (HAV) was expressed in bacteria either as a mature enzyme or as a protein fused to the entire polymerase 3D or to a part of it, and their identities were shown by immunoblot analysis. Intermolecular cleavage activity was demonstrated by incubating in vitro-translated and radiolabeled HAV precursor protein P1-P2 with extracts of bacteria transformed with...

Aqueous biphasic catalysis is a convenient approach to convert organic, partially soluble molecules in water. However, converting more hydrophobic substrates is much more challenging as their solubility in water is extremely low. During the past ten years, substantial progress has been made towards improving the contact between hydrophobic substrates and a hydrophilic transition-metal catalyst....

This paper argues that Information Technology (IT) needs to be demystified, through critical consciousness, for educators to focus on IT as a means to enhance learning. It goes on to define the technical, sociohistorical and political-ideological levels of IT and to identify four theoretical constructs: tutorial, machine-as-human, tool kit and catalyst. Pervading these constructs is the underst...

The super-Brownian motion X % in a super-Brownian medium % constructed in DF96a] is known to be persistent (no loss of expected mass in the longtime behaviour) in dimensions one ((DF96a]) and three ((DF96b]). Here we ll the gap in showing that persistence holds also in the critical dimension two. The key to this result is that in any dimension (d 3); given the catalyst, the variance of the proc...

Asphaltenes from four different crude oils (Arab Heavy, B6, Canadon Seco, and Hondo) were fractionated in mixtures of heptane and toluene and analyzed chemically, by vapor pressure osmometry (VPO), and by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Solubility profiles of the asphaltenes and their subfractions indicated strong cooperative asphaltene interactions of a particular subfraction that is po...

This paper argues that innovation can be best understood as an information process which is then concretized as a product that meets demand. Two very different firms, Canon Inc. and Apple Computer Inc., are used as case study illustrations. Innovation does not proceed through logical deduction, but rather is furthered by the use of metaphors and analogies. The bureaucratic and staid structures ...

The observation of Manchot? that sodium pentacyano-ammineferroate2 I absorbs oxygen has led Baudisch and his coworkers3 to study the catalytic action of this salt, as well as of its water analogue II, in the oxidation of pyrimidines and purines. The present authors have previously reported in this journal4 on the nature of the oxidation products obtained. In the present paper the problem is con...

The variable prescription is widely described under the clinical aspect: the clinics is the result of the evolution of the state-of-the-art, aspect that is less considered in the daily literature. The state-of-the-art is the key to understand not only how we reach where we are but also to learn how to manage propely the torque, focusing on the technical and biomechanical purpos-es that led to t...

Lithium-ion batteries, which have been widely used to power portable electronic devices, are on the verge of being applied to new automobile applications. To expand this emerging market, however, an electrode that combines fast charging capability, long-term cycle stability, and high energy density is needed. Herein, we report a novel layered lithium vanadium fluorophosphate, Li(1.1)Na(0.4)VPO(...