After the First World War, protection of children’s health and recreation became one most important activities taken up by various voluntary associations. For this purpose, charities – with financial backing philanthropists began to establish summer colonies for children in resort areas, which provided an opportunity sick Lithuanian […]

this paper, we present a non-technical overview of new forms of voluntary association called online (or e-) communities and explore the implications they present for community development theory and practice. E-communities are groups of people with common interests that communicate regularly, and for some duration, in an organized way over the Internet (Ridings et al., 2002). They are designed ...

by Wright and Hyman (1958), Janowitz and Marvick (1956), and Almond and Verba (1965) evidence of significant black underparticipation is reported. Wright and Hyman, for example, found that while 63 percent of white adults belong to no voluntary associations, for blacks nonparticipation exceeds 73 percent of adults. It is interesting to note that in this study, as well as most others, participat...

Voluntary associations are often ascribed a fundamental role in the formation of social capital. However, scholars disagree on the extent to which face-to-face contact, i.e. active participation, is necessary to create this resource. The impact of participation in associations on social capital is examined using three dimensions: intensity (active vs. passive participation), scope (many vs. few...

Voluntary action is anticipatory and, hence, must depend on associations between actions and their perceivable effects. We studied the acquisition of action-effect associations in 4-5-vs. 7-year-old children. Children carried out key-pressing actions that were arranged to produce particular auditory effects. In a subsequent test phase, children were to press keys in response to the previous eff...

UNLABELLED College students engage in many unhealthy behaviors, one of these, heavy alcohol use, is a major global public health problem. OBJECTIVE This longitudinal study examined whether students' mandated/voluntary status in a program to reduce college drinking was associated with overall health, ethnicity, gender, and personality traits. Both mandated and voluntary groups participated in ...