This paper is a survey of volume visualization. It includes an introduction to volumetric data; surface rendering techniques for volume data; volume rendering techniques, including image-order, objectorder, and domain techniques; optimization methods for volume rendering; special-purpose volume rendering hardware; global illumination of volumetric data, including volumetric ray tracing and volu...

A bioreactor refers to any manufactured or engineered device that supports a biologically active environment. These kinds of reactors are designed to treat wastewater treatment. Volumetric mass transfer coefficient and the effect of superficial gas velocity, as the most important operational factor on hydrodynamics, in three-phase airlift reactors are investigated in this study. The experiments...

In this paper, the effect of the Intake Valve Deactivation (IVDA) on engine performance is investigated in detail. Based on an optimization platform with Genetic Algorithm (GA) and engine thermodynamic model, the characteristics of the engine volumetric efficiency and pumping loss were studied under the cam-drive, Single Intake Valve (SIV) and Dual Intake Valves (DIV) operating modes, and the e...

no 1: Technical challenges of fast volumetric rescanning O. Actis, D. Meer, A. Mayor, G. Klimpki, S. Psoroulas, D.C. Weber For pencil beam scanning the most studied method to mitigate the dose delivery uncertainties due to the organ motion is rescanning. Achieving an optimal treatment for a moving target by volumetric rescanning, where the whole tumour volume is scanned multiple times, requires...

There are some types of nature elements that are adequately represented in Computer Graphics only through volumes. In order to visualize scenes with volumes, together with geometrical objects, it is necessary to make use of a hybrid rendering algorithm. However, the presence of volumetric elements heavily increases the visualization processing time, independently of the technique being used. Th...

With the recent development of Iso-geometric Analysis (IGA) [9] and advanced manufacturing technologies employing heterogeneous materials, such as additive manufacturing (AM) of functionally graded material, there is a growing emerging need for a full volumetric representation of 3D objects that prescribes the interior of the object in addition to its boundaries. In this work, we propose a volu...

BACKGROUND Calculation of physiologic dead space (dead space divided by tidal volume [VD/VT]) using the Enghoff modification of the Bohr equation requires measurement of the partial pressure of mean expired CO2 (PĒCO2) by exhaled gas collection and analysis, use of a metabolic analyzer, or use of a volumetric CO2 monitor. The Dräger XL ventilator is equipped with integrated volumetric CO2 monit...