due to the abundance of the non-coking coal and limitations as well as the high costs of the natural gas, the presentstudy examined the direct reduction of hematite (iron oxide) ore in the temperature range of 800-1000 °c by thenon-coking coal volatiles. approximately, 74.9% of the total amounts of volatiles and gases exit the coal up to800°c. the onset temperature to exit volatiles from the no...

Commercial juices of sweet pomegranates and fresh juices of sour-sweet pomegranates were analysed for organic acids, sugars, antioxidant activity, volatile composition, sensory profile and consumer liking. Organic acids and sugars were analysed by HPLC, while volatiles were extracted using hydrodistillation and analysed by GC-MS and GC-FID. Malic acid was predominant in sweet juices while citri...

In this work, the volatile profiles of smoked and non-smoked Iranian rice were identified, and their relative abundance was calculated and compared. Headspace solid-phase microextraction together with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) were used to extract and identify the volatile compounds. The main groups of volatiles in Iranian rice were aldehydes, ketones, phenol derivatives...

Raw turkey breasts were aerobically or vacuum-packaged, irradiated with a linear accelerator, and frozen for 0, 1.5, or 3 mo. Lipid oxidation, volatiles, color values, gas production, and oxidation-reduction potential of the samples were determined. Irradiation produced off-odor volatiles associated with lipid oxidation and sulfur-volatiles; the off-odor was much higher in aerobic packaging. Vo...

Bovine blood inoculated with bacteria isolated from screwworm [Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)]-infested animal wounds was tested as an attractant for oviposition for gravid screwworms. Eight species of gram-negative coliform (Enterobacteriaceae) bacteria mixed with bovine blood singly or all species combined and incubated for various times produced volatiles that at...

The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, vectors Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) and Candidatus Liberibacter americanus (Lam), the presumed causal agents of huanglongbing. D. citri generally rely on olfaction and vision for detection of host cues. Plant volatiles from Allium spp. (Alliaceae) are known to repel several arthropod species. We examined the effect of garlic chive...

Plants respond to herbivory with the emission of induced plant volatiles. These volatiles may attract parasitic wasps (parasitoids) that attack the herbivores. Although in this sense the emission of volatiles has been hypothesized to be beneficial to the plant, it is still debated whether this is also the case under natural conditions because other organisms such as herbivores also respond to t...

Volatile organic compounds (volatiles) comprise a chemically diverse class of low molecular weight organic compounds having an appreciable vapor pressure under ambient conditions. Volatiles produced by plants attract pollinators and seed dispersers, and provide defense against pests and pathogens. For insects, volatiles may act as pheromones directing social behavior or as cues for finding host...

There is increasing evidence that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play an important role in the interactions between fungi and bacteria, two major groups of soil inhabiting microorganisms. Yet, most of the research has been focused on effects of bacterial volatiles on suppression of plant pathogenic fungi whereas little is known about the responses of bacteria to fungal volatiles. In the curr...

A method for the analysis of several volatiles compounds responsible for orange juice flavour (ethyl butanoate, limonene, linalool, alpha-pinene, geranial, neral and alpha-terpineol) has been developed. The isolation of this compounds was carried out by pervaporation (PV) followed by on-line gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The coupling PV-GC-MS has been successfully applied to fre...