One dimensional graphene nanostructures are one of the most promising materials for next generation electronics. Here, chemical vapor depostion growth nanoribbons (GNRs) and nanospears (GNSs) on a copper surface is reported. The GNRs GNSs enabled by vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism guided on-surface propagation liquid Cu-Si catalyst particle. slow lateral fast VLS vertical give rise to spear ...

We present a general approach to growing ZnO nanowires on arbitrary, high melting point (above 970 degrees C) substrates using the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mechanism. Our approach utilizes the melting point reduction of sufficiently small (5 nm diameter) Au particles to provide a liquid catalyst without substrate interaction. Using this size-dependent melting effect, we demonstrate catal...

Antigenic variation through targeted DNA rearrangements provides a powerful diversity generating mechanism that allows a variety of pathogens to stay one step ahead of acquired immunity in their hosts. The Lyme disease spirochete encodes such a system that is required for persistent infection. The vls locus, carried on a 29 kb linear plasmid (lp28-1) in the type strain B31, carries 15 silent ca...

The vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) process of semiconductor nanowire growth is an attractive approach to low-dimensional materials and heterostructures because it provides a mechanism to modulate, in situ, nanowire composition and doping, but the ultimate limits on doping control are ultimately dictated by the growth process itself. Under widely used conditions for the chemical vapor deposition growt...

1 This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grand 60472069 Summary In this paper a novel distortion-tolerant fingerprint registration method based on centroid structure vector (CSV) and Vector Line Segment (VLS), is proposed. In this method, minutia features of the query fingerprint are clustered into various clusters and a set of VLS is extracted. Several...

Virtual library screening (VLS) is emerging as a valuable drug lead discovery tool. ICM-VLS implementation of this technology was evaluated on a benchmark set of nuclear hormone receptors (NRs), an important therapeutic target family. Over 5000 structurally diverse compounds, including 78 known NR ligands, were screened against 18 crystal structures and one computer model of 10 NR ligand bindin...

BACKGROUND Substantial evidence gaps remain regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) intervention strategies that improve engagement in care (EiC) and viral load suppression (VLS). We assessed EiC and VLS before and after enrollment in a comprehensive intervention for persons at risk of poor HIV care outcomes. METHODS New York City's Ryan White Part A HIV Care Coordination Program (CCP), ...

A method for growth of ultralarge grain (>100 μm) semiconductor thin-films on nonepitaxial substrates was developed via the thin-film vapor−liquid−solid growth mode. The resulting polycrystalline films exhibit similar optoelectronic quality as their single-crystal counterparts. Here, deterministic control of nucleation sites is presented by substrate engineering, enabling user-tuned internuclei...

Virtual learning system (VLS) is an information system that facilitates e-learning have been widely implemented by higher education institutions to support face-to-face teaching and self-managed learning in the virtual learning and education environment (VLE). This is referred to a blended learning instruction. By adopting the VLS, students are expected to enhance learning by getting access to ...