INTRODUCTION This article presents the development and evaluation of a new topical formulation of diclofenac diethylamine (DDA) as a locally applied analgesic lotion. METHODS To this end, the lotion formulations were formulated with equal volume of varying concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%; v/v) of permeation enhancers, namely propylene glycol (PG) and turpentine oil (TO). These lotions were sub...

A series of isopropyl fatty esters having different chain length (C(13)-C(23)) were synthesized and formulated in lipid nanoparticles based on Precirol ATO to evaluate their effect on the physicochemical properties of these latter. Moreover, drug loading and skin permeation of Econazole nitrate, chosen as a lipophilic model drug, were evaluated as well. The obtained nanosystems, prepared by hig...

The effect of formulation factors on permeation of diclofenac from some experimental and marketed aqueous eye drops through excised goat cornea was evaluated. Raising the pH of formulation from 6.0 to 8.0 or diclofenac concentration from 0.05 to 0.15% (w/v) or adjusting tonicity with mannitol or addition of viscolizing agent decreased apparent permeability coefficient (Papp). Formulation (pH 7....

An ibuprofen-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (IBU-NLC) was developed for enhanced skin penetration to improve the treatment of osteoarthritis and other musculoskeletal diseases. The mean particle size was 106 nm, with a spherical morphology, a smooth surface, and a zeta potential of -18.4 mV. X-ray diffraction studies revealed the amorphous state of the lipid matrix. Both Raman spectroscopy...

Abstract Phospholipids are amphiphilic lipids with versatile properties making them promising excipients for enabling formulations oral drug delivery. Unfortunately, systematic studies on how phospholipid type and content affect absorption rare. Often, only one is used the formulation development formulation, optimized according to in vitro parameters, included bioavailability studies....

The unidirectional release buccal patches of carbamazepine (CBZ) were designed in total of 36 formulations using a 32 full factorial design. Different hydrophilic polymers were used in the formulation along with chitosan-HPMC matrix. The thickness of the prepared patches varied between 0.3 ± 0.10 and 0.5 ± 0.15 mm. The mass of the patches varied from 142.4 ± 0.22 and 160.2 ± 0.13 mg. The pH of ...

This work is focused on the ex vivo study of corneal permeation of two anti-inflammatory drugs: diclofenac, and flurbiprofen (as a model of hydrophilic and lipophilic drug, respectively) loaded to cyclodextrins or polymeric nanoparticles in order to determine differences in their corneal permeation against free drug or commercial eye drops. These studies were carried out in a corneal device des...

BACKGROUND The present study was designed to evaluate the extent to which pretreatment with microneedles can enhance skin permeation of nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo. Permeation of live bacteria, which are physically nanoparticles or microparticles, through mouse skin pretreated with microneedles was also studied to evaluate the potential risk of microbial infection. METHODS AND RESULTS ...

Low-frequency ultrasound (US) has been shown to increase drug permeation into the skin. Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) is often included in the coupling medium at 1 %w/v. We have shown a highly irregular relationship between the surfactant concentration and protein flux through skin in in vitro experiments (Table 1; Dahlan et al, 2005). The in vitro data suggested that lower SDS concentrations m...

Halobetasol propionate (HB) is a potent synthetic corticosteroid used against inflammatory skin diseases, such as dermatitis, eczema, and psoriasis, among others. The aim of this study is to define how the presence of different skin penetration enhancers (nonane, menthone, limonene, azone, carene, decanol, linoleic acid and cetiol) affects the penetration and retention in skin of HB. To determi...