purpose: to evaluate color vision in patients with type ii diabetes mellitus without diabetic retinopathy and compare the results with those of age- and sex- matched normal individuals. methods: this descriptive, comparative study was conducted on 100 diabetic patients without any sign of retinopathy and 100 age- and sex-matched normal subjects. color vision was evaluated using ishihara and far...

purpose : to determine the prevalence of the uncorrected refractive errors in bojnourd students methods : in a cross-sectional study, the samples were selected proportionate to the population of the schools using stratified randomized cluster sampling. the target population was the primary and junior high school students of the city of bojnourd. visual acuity (va) (snellen chart) and cycloplegi...

primary vision care is recommended for infants and young children .childhood is critical time to prevent loss of vision and to optimize treatment so some eye disorders in children must be diagnosed at this time.to detect risk factors and visual abnormalities, the eye screening done by pediatricians and other primary care providers is necessary. the process that should occur at each child visit ...

conclusions the x-intercepts (point at which the fdc crosses the x-axis) were on average more in the base-in direction, y-intercepts (point at which the fdc crosses the y-axis) were shifted in the exo direction, and slopes were steeper in the symptomatic group. results there were more subjects with exo fixation disparity than eso fixation disparity in the study sample. the means for fixation di...

Background. Novices in sport possesses similar visual skills to that of experts, however there may be major differences in magnitude of performance in these skills, with expert athletes only demonstrating superiority in specific vision skills and not all aspects of vision. Objectives. In this vain, the aim of this study was to discern whether Premier League rugby players has enhanced visio-spa...