Immersion objectives can focus light into a spot smaller than what is achievable in free space, thereby enhancing the spatial resolution for various applications such as microscopy, spectroscopy, and lithography. Despite the availability of advanced lens polishing techniques, hand-polishing is still required to manufacture the front lens of a high-end immersion objective, which poses major cons...

Complexation reactions between methylthymol blue and Fe , A l ,Ga , 1n a nd TI ions have been studied in buffer aqueous solutions of pH 5.0 at 2S°C by a spectrophotometric technique. The conditional stepwise stability constants of the resulting 1:l and 1:2 (metal-to-ligand) complexes were determined from the absorbance-mole ratio data at three different wavelengths of the visible sp...