This study tested two hypotheses. The first null hypothesis affirms that there is no statistical difference when composite resin is submitted to knoop or vickers microhardness using different testing protocols. The second hypothesis tested the possible influence of elastic modulus of composite resin in microhardness tests. Two nanohybrid composites were used with different viscosity behavior (G...

The small dimensions of ciliary movement make viscosity of the medium a key factor in the hydrodynamic interaction of cilia. Because technical difficulties are encountered in direct observations of ciliary systems, little is known concerning the mechanisms by which the fluid medium actually influences the beat of cilia and metachronism. Gosselin (1958) observed in lateral cilia of mussel gills ...

Using a laser diffraction technique, we have studied factors that influence the deformability of erythrocytes. Variations in suspending medium osmolality and applied shear stress were employed to isolate the individual contributions to whole cell deformability of internal viscosity, surface area-to-volume ratio, and viscoelastic properties of the membrane. An experimental system was devised in ...

Recent X-ray and optical observations of the Perseus cluster indicate that the viscous and conductive dissipation of sound waves is the mechanism responsible for heating the intracluster medium and thus balancing radiative cooling of cluster cores. We discuss this mechanism more generally and show how the specific heating and cooling rates vary with temperature and radius. It appears that the h...

The exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing cultures such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus RW-9595M present a challenge for the culture producers because the high viscosity of the fermented growth medium makes it difficult to recover the cells by centrifugation or filtration. This study examined four approaches to reduce viscosity of the medium while producing high cell densities: incubation temperature, e...

The present paper deals with the study of thermal radiation effect on unsteady flow and heat transfer characteristics of viscous fluid with variable viscosity over a porous stretching sheet placed in a porous medium in the presence of viscous dissipation. A uniform magnetic field is applied transversely to the direction of the flow. Similarity transformations are used to convert the governing t...

We demonstrate, what is to the best our knowledge, a new method for studying the motion of a particle trapped by optical tweezers; in this method the trapping beam itself is used as a confocal probe. By studying the response of the particle to periodic motion of the tweezers, we obtain information about the medium viscosity, particle properties, and trap stiffness. We develop the mathematical m...

The effects of Celluclast 1.5L concentration on the physicochemical characterization of gold kiwifruit pectin was evaluated. Varying the enzyme concentration affected the pectin yield and pectin physicochemical properties. The viscosity of extracted pectin was largely dependent on the enzyme concentration. Celluclast 1.5L with medium concentration exhibited the highest viscosity. Varying the en...