A commercial plant extract derived from olive tree leaf (Olea europaea) (LExt) and its major compound, oleuropein (Ole), inhibited the in vitro infectivity of the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), a salmonid rhabdovirus. Incubation of virus with LExt or Ole before infection reduced the viral infectivity to 10 and 30%, respectively. Furthermore, LExt drastically decreased VHSV titers ...

Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) is a very valuable fish species both in Europe and China. The culture of this flatfish is well-established but several bacteria, viruses, and parasites can produce mortality or morbidity episodes in turbot farms. Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) is one of the most threatening pathogens affecting turbot, because neither vaccines nor treatments are commercia...

Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) is a fish pathogen found throughout the Northern Hemisphere and is capable of infecting and causing mortality in numerous marine and freshwater hosts. In the coastal waters of British Columbia, Canada, the virus has been detected for 20 yr with many occurrences of mass mortalities among populations of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii (Valenciennes) and...

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a problematic pathogen in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) aquaculture farms in Korea. Thus, it is necessary to develop a rapid and accurate diagnostic method to detect this virus. We developed a quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) method based on the nucleocapsid (N) gene sequence of Korean VHSV isolate (Genogroup IVa). The slope and R² values of t...

The innate immune system of fish is critical for rapid detection and immediate response to infection, as well as to orchestrate the adaptive branch of the immune system. Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss ladderlectin and intelectin are plasma pattern recognition receptors (PRR) for bacterial and fungal pathogens of rainbow trout, but their role as PRRs for virus is unknown. Viral hemorrhagic se...

Mammalian cytotoxic T cells as part of the adaptive immune system recognize virus-infected target cells by binding of their T-cell receptors (TCR) to classical MHC class I molecules loaded with viral peptides. Our previous studies have shown that the allele of the single dominant polymorphic classical MHC class I locus Onmy-UBA is identical in the rainbow trout clone C25 and in the permanent ra...

A European strain of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) isolated from wild-caught cod Gadus morhua (H16/7/95) was shown to cause clinical disease and mortality in excess of 80% in juvenile Atlantic cod when administered by the intra-peritoneal (i.p.) route. No virus was recovered from cod cohabiting with experimentally infected fish at a ratio of 1:1, and no VHSV-associated mortality w...

A novel viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) (genotype IVb) has been isolated from mortality events in a range of wild freshwater fish from the Great Lakes since 2005. In 2005 and 2006, numerous new freshwater host species (approximately 90 fish from 12 different species) were confirmed to have VHSV by cell culture and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. A prominent feature ob...

Thousands of dead Pacific herring Clupea pallasi, Pacific hake Merluccius productus and walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma were reported in Lisianski Inlet near Pelican, Alaska, USA, on August 1, 1998. The Pacific hake and pollock continued to die through the end of September. Virological examinations of dead fish identified the North American strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VH...

G gene Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is considered by many nations and international organizations to be one of the most important viral pathogens of finfish (Office International des Epizooties 2007). For several decades following its initial characterization in the 1950s, VHSV was thought to be limited to Europe where it was regarded as an endemic pathogen of freshwater fish that ...