When an agent decides whether to join or not a coalition, she must consider (1) the expected power of such a coalition as well as (2) her or her position in the vertical structure within the coalition, be it a firm, a party, or a gang. We establish that there exists a positive relationship between the degree of inequality in remuneration across ranks and the number of coalitions to be formed. M...

One of the major obstacles in the process of national development, is the disruption in regional balance construct. As has been noted in some studies the existence of regional inequity leads to domination of some regions to surrounding regions and causing political and economic challenges in developing countries. And given that transportation is one of the components of region, undoubtedly equi...

When an agent decides whether to join a coalition or not, she must consider both i) the expected strength of the coalition and ii) her position in the vertical structure within the coalition. We establish that there exists a positive relationship between the degree of inequality in remuneration across ranks within coalitions and the number of coalitions to be formed. When coalition size is unre...

A set of vertical bars planted on given points of a horizontal line defines a fence composed of the quadrilaterals bounded by successive bars. A set of bars in the plane, each having one endpoint at the origin, defines an umbrella composed of the triangles bounded by successive bars. Given a collection of bars, we study how to use them to build the fence or the umbrella of maximum total area. W...

Polarization-entangled photon pairs are generated using crossed Beta Barium Borate crystals analogous to Dehlinger and Mitchell’s method. The polarization state of the entangled pairs is projected onto the basis of two polarizers introduced in the signal and idler arms. The cosine-squared dependance of the probability amplitude of the entangled state on the relative polarizer angle is theoretic...

in order to estimate the effects of the macrc~econornic indicators on the income distribution of iran, the time series data during the period of 1971-1991 were used. first the yammetric inequality indicators (the gini coefficients) were estimated for the years 1991-1972. the results show the lowest level of inequality in 1980 with g=0.42 and the highest level in 1982 with g=0.55. arzulysing the...

equitable distribution of income and economic growth are challenges for policy-makers. therefore, it is important to investigate the influencing factors of it. given that financial development is an important factor affecting on income inequality, in this study, the effect of financial development on the gini coefficient as income inequality index is examined with using panel data methods durin...

In this manuscript, a new class of extended (m1,m2)-convex and concave functions is introduced. After some properties of (m1,m2)-convex functions have been given, the inequalities obtained with Hölder and Hölder-İşcan and power-mean and improwed power-mean integral inequalities have been compared and it has been shown that the inequality with Hölder-İşcan inequality gives a better approach than...

background exploring changes in health inequality and its determinants over time is of policy interest. accordingly, this study aimed to decompose inequality in neonatal mortality into its contributing factors and then explore changes from 1995-2000 to 2005-2010 in iran.   methods required data were drawn from two iran’s demographic and health survey (dhs) conducted in 2000 and 2010. normalized...

What should governments in mineralrich states do about the gap between rich and poor populations (vertical in e qual ity), and the gap between mineralrich and mineralpoor regions (horizontal in e qual ity)? This chapter looks at how mineral wealth can affect vertical and horizontal in e qual ity, and what governments can do about it. It also explores the advantages and disadvantages of the dece...