[1] Accurate estimation of global vertical distribution of ionospheric and plasmaspheric density as a function of local time, season, and magnetic activity is required to improve the operation of space-based navigation and communication systems. The vertical density distribution, especially at low and equatorial latitudes, is governed by the equatorial electrodynamics that produces a vertical d...

In this study, we have theoretically investigated the effect of electron stopper layer on internal temperature distribution of high performance vertical cavity surface-emitting laser emitting at 1305 nm. Simulation software PICS3D, which self-consistently combines the 3D simulation of carrier transport, self-heating, gain computation and wave-guiding, was used. Simulation results show that chan...

background: in general, measurements of solar ultraviolet (uv) radiation are related to horizontal surfaces. while the hu­mans walking and standing outdoors expose to the natural solar uv radiation, their eyes, cheeks, extremities, trunks, or many other anatomical sites are close to vertical plane and random orient to different directions. in this study, we character­ized the diurnal variations...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate vertical forces in the pads of German Shepherd dogs by relative percentage among total limb vertical forces using a pressure sensitive walkway. PROCEDURE A pressure sensitive walkway was used to collect vertical force data for each pad of the limbs of 16 healthy client-owned German Shepherd dogs used for kinetic gait analysis. The vertical force for each pad was evaluate...

[1] High vertical resolution profiles of cloud properties were obtained from cloud radars operated by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program on the islands of Nauru and Manus in the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP). Broadband flux calculations using a correlated k-distribution model were performed to estimate the effect of clouds on the total column and vertical distribution of short...