Ultrasound has been used to measure diaphragm thickness (Tdi) in the area where the diaphragm abuts the rib cage (zone of apposition). However, the degree of diaphragm thickening during inspiration reported as obtained by one-dimensional M-mode ultrasound was greater than that predicted by using other radiographic techniques. Because two-dimensional (2-D) ultrasound provides greater anatomic de...

From the beginning of creation, human being was surrounded by nature. Everything in nature is well organized and in harmony with the other parts of it. Through the history, nature has been always a source of inspiration for the human begin in different aspects of their life. Architecture as one of the remarkable features in every society cannot be separated from nature. In architecture design...

A n interesting question for any of us is why we chose our current profession. As a reader of this magazine, there’s a good chance you’re working in the field of pervasive or mobile computing, and the inspiration for your choice is perhaps something we have in common: a fascination with gadgets, a tendency to shop for electronic odds and ends, and an interest in turning fictional devices into r...

doi: 10.1188/16.ONF.131-132 The end of each year and the beginning of the next usually involves the media printing lists of what was talked about in the past year and what is going to be “hot” in the coming 12 months. The world of oncology is no different. MedPageToday conducted a nonscientific survey of readers (Sergel, 2015), asking oncologists what game changers they saw in 2015. Seventy-fou...

ions, a characteristic that encouraged the women studied to take on responsibility for household management. Alternatively, perhaps the organization of the domestic economy encouraged the women in the study to develop expertise in ‘ahead-of-time’ appliances as a result of their responsibility for household management. The data on oven timers and VCRs may offer the best suggestion of the underly...

How does the nervous system coordinate the control of different behaviors? For example, different rhythmic behaviors that normally function independently may need to work together under certain circumstances. One example of this phenomenon is the way that our respiratory rate goes up when we start running. Vertebrate breathing frequency increases immediately with locomotor activity, so it’s not...

For me swarms and most of all swarms of fishes are a fascinating phenomenon. I am a designer and my area of research is design theory and most of all strategic design. The task of strategic design is to implement design as the corporate strategy. During the last years the awareness for design has increased. More and more companies have realized that they can benefit a lot from design. At the sa...

1 We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada, in the form of grants to both authors, for the projects of which this research forms part. We thank Elisabeth Godfrey, who collected the Devon English data from the rural areas surrounding her home town Tiverton, mid Devon, for granting us access to her corpus. For further information about ...

This paper describes an initial attempt to model serial memory span tasks using articulatory rather than retrieval-based rehearsal. This was accomplished through utilizing ACT-R’s audition and vocal modules to implement an articulatory loop. Other production systems, notably EPIC, have models for verbal working memory and the articulatory loop (Kieras et al. 1999). Until now, this was lacking i...

Abstract Current supportive bio-inspired design methods focus on handcrafting the inspiration engineers use to speed up design. However promising, such are not scalable as time investment is shifted an up-front investment. Furthermore, most proposed require engineer adopt a new process. The current study presents FISh, search method based standard engineering By leveraging machine translation b...