the majority of coronary artery fistulas (cafs) are congenital. the anomaly accounts for 0.4% of congenital heart defects and approximately 50% of pediatric coronary vasculature anomalies. twenty percent of people with congenital cafs have other concomitant cardiac anomalies, most frequently aortic and pulmonary atresia and patent ductus arteriosus. it is worthy of note that caf with the tetral...

background pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah) is a serious complication of unrepaired congenital left-to-right shunts. the final consequence is right ventricular (rv) systolic dysfunction and reversal of shunt. objectives the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical course and paraclinical findings in a group of patients with pah associated with congenital heart disease (pah-chd). we a...