The epidemiology of MRSA pneumonia varies across countries. One of the most import risk factors for the development of nosocomial MRSA pneumonia is mechanical ventilation. Methicillin resistance in S. aureus ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) ranged between 37 % in German, 54 % in the US American and 78 % in Asian and Latin American ICUs. In 2009, the incidence density of nosocomial VAP caus...

BACKGROUND Initial antimicrobial therapy (AB) is an important determinant of clinical outcome in patients with severe infections as pneumonia, however well-conducted studies regarding prognostic impact of inadequate initial AB in patients who are not undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV) are lacking. In this study we aimed to identify the risk factors for inadequate initial AB and to determine...

Legionella pneumophila is an agent also well known to be frequently responsible for severe community acquired pneumonia. Recent studies regarding severe community-acquired pneumonia have shown that Legionella pneumophila is the second most common cause of admission to ICU, not far behind pneumococcal pneumonia. The mortality of severe Legionella pneumonia is high (30%). We report two cases of s...

Background The term non-invasive ventilation (NIV) refers to the application of artificial ventilation without any conduit access to the airways i.e., without an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube. Recently, NIV has assumed a prominent role in the management of acute respiratory failure. By avoiding endotracheal intubation, NIV prevents complications associated with invasive ventilation like air...

The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and cost-effectiveness of not routinely changing in-line suction catheters for patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either no routine in-line suction catheter changes (n = 258) or in-line suction catheter changes every 24 h (n = 263). The main outcome measure was the incidence of ventilator-as...

PURPOSE The objective of this study was to identify predictors of death and mechanical ventilation in patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury. METHODS From 1981 to 1994, 72 patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury resulting in neurological deficits were identified in this retrospective study. For each patient, neurological and associated injuries, physiological variable...

background: ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) is a type of nosocomial pneumonia which develops more than 48 hours after endotracheal intubation. early recognition and treatment of vap is important, since timely and appropriate management can be lifesaving. objectives: this study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of microorganisms causing vap in the intensive care u...

background ventilator- associated pneumonia (vap) continues to complicate the course of 8-28 % patients receiving mechanical ventilation. the mortality rate for vap is high, ranges from 24-50% and can reach 76% in some specific settings or when lung infection is caused by high risk pathogens. the etiologic agents widely differ according to the population of patients in an intensive care unit, d...

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Hospital acquired or nosocomial infections continue to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The critically ill patient is at particular risk of developing intensive care unit acquired infection, with the lungs being especially vulnerable. Nosocomial bacterial pneumonia occurring after two days of mechanical ventilation is referred to as ventilator associated pneumonia, and is the m...