Central venous catheterization can be challenging in patients that had undergone repeated catheter placements. Ultrasound scan may overlook venous stenosis which is better visualized using venography. The use of venography should be considered to assess for venous stenosis or vascular anomalies in individuals with multiple catheterizations or in close proximity to cancer.

INTRODUCTION Currently, venography is the standard diagnostic method to examine veins before implementing access, which is invasive in nature. Computerized tomography venography (CTV) can simultaneously indicate deep and superficial venous systems in the upper extremity and their relation to the surrounding anatomical structures; however, its diagnostic value in the detection of central venous ...

We performed postoperative venography on 84 consecutive patients who had undergone upper tibial osteotomy for medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee. Deep-vein thrombosis was demonstrated in 41%. Only 15% of the cases were diagnosed clinically, all in the calf veins. Cases of proximal thromboses (3) and mixed-vein thromboses (12) were only revealed by venography.

The Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) is a widely used measure of quantifying the severity chronic venous disease (CVD). Yet, little known prognostic ability VCSS for predicting reintervention after iliac vein stenting. This study sought to assess whether preoperative can predict requiring venography. A registry 622 patients who underwent stenting proximal outflow obstruction secondary nont...

A set of images in which a pacemaker lead replacement procedure was complicated by occlusion of the proximal subclavian vein is presented. However, this was not detected on venography performed before the procedure. Physicians should be aware of a more proximal occlusion of the subclavian vein while replacing pacemaker leads, even in cases with seemingly normal venography.

A 23 year-old Taiwanese male presented with complete membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava at its suprahepatic portion. After 3 angioplasty procedures using Inoue-balloon catheters, a Wall stent was deployed for restenosis 4 years after the first procedure. Venography at 6 months showed no significant restenosis. At 20 months transfemoral venography confirmed patency of the vena cava.

Portal venography by percutaneous injection of the spleen was first performed in dogs (Abeatici and Campi, 195I) and the method was later successfully applied in man (Leger, 1951; Boulvin et al., 195I; Campi and Abeatici, I952). In the last few years the method has been routinely used at a number of centres in the British Isles. Atkinson, Barnett, Sherlock and Steiner (I955) have described abou...