The vegetative state may develop suddenly (as a consequence of traumatic or non-traumatic brain injury, such as hypoxia or anoxia; infection; or haemorrhage) or gradually (in the course of a neurodegenerative disorder, such as Alzheimer’s disease). Although uncommon, the condition is perplexing because there is an apparent dissociation between the two cardinal elements of consciousness: awarene...

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Sir, Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a sterile, pustular, ulcerative process of unknown cause (1). It is frequently associated with various systemic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, monoclonal gammopathy, malignant disease (2) and, rarely, Behçet’s disease (3). Four clinical and histological variants have been recognized: ulcerative, pustular, bullous and vegetative. Vege...

Endocarditis is rarely reported in sheep and information presented for ovine endocarditis is based mostly on comparative findings in the cattle. Infective vegetative endocarditis of the right heart was diagnosed in a 3-year-old fat-tailed ram. Clinical findings included tachycardia, marked brisket edema, jugular veins distention and pulsation and pale mucous membranes. Hematologic abnormality i...

In this study, aerial parts of Lippia citriodora Kunth were harvested at three phenological stages (i.e. vegetative, full flowering and fruit set). The essential oil isolated by hydro distillation for 3 h using a Clevenger-type apparatus and the oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The yields of oils (w/w%) in different stages was in the order of: full flowering (0.9%), vegetative (0.48%) and frui...

ani increased leucocytosis (probablv from its close relationship to nucleic acicl), and on this account may increase the incidence of empyrema. To Professor Titherlv is due the identificationi, as allantoin, of the active priinciple of comfrey root, also its complete investigation. If the continued and extendedl use of comfrev coinfirms the authior's results, he will have performed a notable se...

The evolutionary history of gains and losses of vegetative reproductive propagules (soredia) in Porpidia s.l., a group of lichen-forming ascomycetes, was clarified using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approaches to monophyly tests and a combined MCMC and maximum likelihood approach to ancestral character state reconstructions. The MCMC framework provided confidence estimates for the r...