because soil moisture condition affects vegetation changes hence, monitoring of drought and vegetation changes are among valuable management tools in these ecosystems. nowadays, satellite images are used as a low-cost and fast method for vegetation study in different scales. vegetation change is assessed using vegetation spectral characteristics. this study aimed to analyze and monitor the vege...

Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) occupies large portions of the western United States and provides valuable wildlife habitat. However, information is lacking quantifying differences in native perennial forb characteristics between mountain big sagebrush [A. tridentata spp. vaseyana (Rydb.) Beetle] and Wyoming big sagebrush [A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis (Beetle & A. Young) S.L. Wels...

Natural resource extraction has been linked to habitat loss and declines in biodiversity. Insects, the most diverse abundant animals on Earth, provide a wide array of critical ecosystem services, but are typically understudied terrestrial restoration projects. Here, we examine how insects other arthropods respond reclamation efforts Pinedale Anticline natural gas field semi-arid Wyoming, USA. V...

A family F of graphs is said to be (δ, χ)-bounded if there exists a function f(x) satisfying f(x) → ∞ as x → ∞, such that for any graph G from the family, one has f(δ(G)) ≤ χ(G), where δ(G) and χ(G) denotes the minimum degree and chromatic number of G, respectively. Also for any set {H1,H2, . . . ,Hk} of graphs by Forb(H1,H2, . . . ,Hk) we mean the class of graphs that contain no Hi as an induc...

We assessed the potential for using optical functional types as effective markers to monitor changes in vegetation in floodplain meadows associated with changes in their local environment. Floodplain meadows are challenging ecosystems for monitoring and conservation because of their highly biodiverse nature. Our aim was to understand and explain spectral differences among key members of floodpl...

Livestock grazing can be used as a key management tool for maintaining healthy ecosystems. However, the effectiveness of using grazing to modify habitat for species of conservation concern depends on how the grazing regime is implemented. Timing of grazing is one grazing regime component that is less understood than grazing intensity and grazer identity, but is predicted to have important impli...

Let F be a k×` (0,1)-matrix. We say a (0,1)-matrix A has F as a configuration if there is a submatrix of A which is a row and column permutation of F . In the language of sets, a configuration is a trace and in the language of hypergraphs a configuration is a subhypergraph. Let F be a given k × ` (0,1)-matrix. We define a matrix to be simple if it is a (0,1)-matrix with no repeated columns. The...

the purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between vegetation cover and soil characteristics in order to determine the most important soil factors which affect on quantitative variations and types of vegetation cover in the study area. the study area is located in west of tehran province and southeast of hashtgerd, next to najm-abad village. after field studies, the index ...

Applied nucleation (i.e. planting vegetation patches) is a restoration strategy that better recreates natural ecosystem heterogeneity and requires fewer resources compared to the entire area. Whereas applied shows promise as forest strategy, this approach has received little study in grassland restoration, where spread of planted nuclei may be impeded by aggressive non-native species. We establ...