Communities of plant-parasitic nematodes collected from five different vegetation types (canopy woodland, savannah, gallery forest, cultivated perennial, and annual plants) and soils (yellowish red latosols, dark red latosols, arenosols, acrisols, and gleysols) were studied. Ninety percent of the soil samples collected from savannah contained at least four genera of plant-parasitic nematodes. T...

As a countermeasure to the greenhouse effect, afforestation in arid areas has been proposed and tested in an arid area of Western Australia. According to the CDM/JI guidelines set by UNFCCC, the sequestrated carbon amount accountable as carbon credit was estimated in this study. First, the sequestrated carbon amount by planted trees was measured by repeated tree censuses. Second, the land use t...

Drought is expected to increase in frequency and severity due to global warming, and its impacts on vegetation are typically extensively evaluated with climatic drought indices, such as multi-scalar Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). We analyzed the covariation between the SPEIs of various time scales and the anomalies of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI...

Species composition patterns and vegetation-environment relationships were quantified for high-elevation rock outcrops of the Southern Appalachian Mountains, an infrequent and insular habitat in a forested landscape. Outcrops occur over a wide geographic range encompassing extensive variation in both geology and climate. Geographic-scale factors interact with site-scale factors to produce varia...

The influences of low vegetation on airborne laser scanning are studied. High vegetation is removed by filtering, but low vegetation causes systematic errors in digital terrain models. Many researchers have reported that the measurements are too high. The investigation of influences on the laser range measurement improves the understanding of the technology in use and gives explanations for the...

Validating model simulations of vegetation-climate feedback needs information not only on changes in past vegetation types as reconstructed by palynologists, but also on other proxies such as vegetation cover. We present here a quantitative regional vegetation cover reconstruction for North China during the Holocene. The reconstruction was based on 15 high-quality lake sediment profiles selecte...

The emission from the vegetation canopy depends on the type of vegetation and the frequencies at which the emission is measured. For studying the vegetation canopy of a tree, the dielectric constant of its constituent is measured at microwave frequencies. In this study the dielectric constant is measured using waveguide cell method and its scattering coefficient is estimated using perturbation ...

The overall goal of this research is to compare the effects of woody and herbaceous vegetation on stream bank erosion. This chapter presents the third of three substudies that address the impact of vegetation on stream bank erosion. The goal of this study was to determine the erodibility of rooted stream bank soils and to evaluate the relative effects of vegetation type, root density, and freez...