This work investigates wideband active load-pull (WALP) on microwave electron devices with a standard vector network analyzer (VNA), solely using calibrated frequency-domain relative measurements. Differently from the methods requiring full time-domain waveform acquisition capabilities, this approach removes any instantaneous bandwidth (BW) requirement, allowing to target modulated signals arbi...

This article present a new method of accuracy verification of calibrated one-port vector network analyzers based on the least mean square algorithm. The method is of particular interest for significantly limited frequency ranges as well as for cost-effective S-parameter measurement systems where the use of conventional ripple test may be impractical and/or relatively expensive. Experimental stu...