In this paper the value at risk (VaR) forecasts are compared using three different GARCH models; ARCH(1), GARCH(1,1) and EGARCH(1,1). The implemented method is a one-day ahead out of sample forecast of the VaR. The forecasts are evaluated using the Kupiec test with a five percent significance level. The focus is on three different markets; commodities, equities and exchange rates. The goal of t...

This paper investigates limit theory for the likelihood analysis of an I(2) cointegrated vector autoregressive (VAR) model in the presence of deterministic shifts. A log likelihood ratio (logLR) test statistic for integration indices is considered, and it is demonstrated that the asymptotic distribution of the statistic is given in the form of a generalised Dicky-Fuller type distribution. A log...

BACKGROUND Transgenic research on metalloproteinase-1 is an emerging field in the area of plant molecular biology. The new method reported here can similarly be applied in fungal molecular biology to identify different dermatophytes. Our method is more accurate than traditional methods such as molecular analyses. OBJECTIVE To identify Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes...

Little is known about the molecular epidemiology of the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans in India, a country now in the midst of an epidemic of AIDS-related cryptococcosis. We studied 57 clinical isolates from several regions in India, of which 51 were C. neoformans var. grubii, 1 was C. neoformans var. neoformans, and 5 were C. neoformans var. gattii. This strain set included 18...

produced by mutants of Streptomyces peucetius^ , the daunorubicin2) producing microorganism, led to the discovery of doxorubicin (adriamycin)3) and other new anthracyclines4~8). By further mutagenic treatment of Streptomyces peucetius var. aureus, sl mutant of Streptomyces peucetius producing 4Odemethyl1 1 deoxydoxorubicin and analogues7), we have recently isolated other new mutant strains. Amo...

Cowden syndrome (CS), a Mendelian autosomal-dominant disorder, predisposes to breast, thyroid and other cancers. Germline mutations in phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) have been recently reported in 23% of a large series of classic CS. Here, we validated our small (n = 10) pilot study in a large patient series that germline variations in succinate dehydrogenase genes (SDHx) occur in 8% (49...

A slice of a program P with respect to a slicing criterion C ≡ ({var}, c_stmt) is a subset of the program which includes all statements that directly or indirectly affect the value of variable var in c_stmt [1,10–12]. A static slice includes all statements which might affect the value of var. It is constructed using program analysis techniques. A dynamic slice consists of only those statements ...

simply stated, a vaR model is a model of the distribution of future profits and losses of a bank’s trading portfolio. vaR models combine information on a bank’s trading positions across various products with statistical estimations of the probability distribution of the underlying market factors and their relation to each other. the final output of a vaR model is a vaR estimate, which is define...

Sequence data from four gene regions (nrDNA, petN-psbM, trnD-trnT, trnS-trnG, 3,705 bp) revealed that junipers from the southern mountain ranges of Iran are very diverse. The combined NJ tree (3,705 bp) showed strong support for the distinct nature of J. excelsa, J. polycarpos, J. p. var. turcomanica, and J. p. var. seravschanica. The samples from NW Iran are J. polycarpos and samples from NE I...