The hydrocarbon and chemical process industries have made enormous efforts in the past 15-20 years to improve safety performance. This has been driven by major accidents in Europe, the USA and elsewhere (e.g. vapor cloud explosions at Flixborough, Pasadena, and Kuwait; a AN explosion at Toulouse, toxic releases at Bhopal, Seveso, Texas City; environmental accidents at Sandoz and Alaska; and maj...

Bombardier beetles (Brachinini) use a rapid series of discrete explosions inside their pygidial gland reaction chambers to produce a hot, pulsed, quinone-based defensive spray. The mechanism of brachinines' spray pulsation was explored using anatomical studies and direct observation of explosions inside living beetles using synchrotron x-ray imaging. Quantification of the dynamics of vapor insi...

In this work, Molecular Dynamics simulations are conducted to attain thermal and mechanical characteristics of nanoparticles formed in laser materials interaction. It reveals that nanoparticles originate from intense vapor phase explosion. A gas-like structure is observed in nanoparticles in the initial stage of formation. After a short time of evolution, a typical liquid structure is revealed ...

We present a fluid dynamics video showing the behavior of Leidenfrost droplets composed by a mixture of water and surfactant (SDS, Sodium Dodecyl sulfate). When a droplet is released on a plate heated above a given temperature a thin layer of vapor isolates the droplet from the plate. The droplet levitates over the plate. This is called the Leidenfrost effect. In this work we study the influenc...

The rise in hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) is expected to pose a variety of hazards on the road. Vehicles using could cause significant damage, owing vapor cloud explosions, jet fires caused by leakage, or tank explosions. This risk further increase semi-enclosed spaces, such as underground parking lots and road tunnels. Therefore, it necessary study fire safety spaces. In this st...

Process safety helps prevent the unexpected and unplanned release of flammable toxic chemicals, leading to poisonous gas clouds, fires, explosions. Vapor cloud explosions (VCEs) are among most severe hazards humans environment in process facilities. Therefore, demands use best reliable techniques model VCEs industries storage tanks chemicals. In this regard, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) m...

INTRODUCTION Electronic vapor cigarettes (E-cigarettes) were created in 2003 as an alternative to traditional tobacco cigarettes. E-cigarettes have been available in the United States since 2006.1 The typical E-cigarette consists of a cartridge that contains liquid, an atomizer that heats the liquid (i.e. acts as a vaporizer), as well as a battery. The liquid contained within the cartridge cont...

The aim of this research was to investigate accidental releases of ammonia followed by an en-route incident in an attempt to further predict the consequences of hazardous cargo accidents. The air dispersion model Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) was employed to track the probable outcomes of a hazardous material release of a tanker truck under different explosion scenarios. The ...