Multinuclear multibenzimidazole metal complexes frequently exhibit novel structures and properties, and are an example of versatile compounds in bioinorganic chemistry. In this work, first, we synthesized the mononuclear complex [Cu(ntb)(H(2)O)](2+), 1, by using tris[(benzimidazol-2-yl)methyl]amine (ntb). Then, a library of multicationic ntb-Cu(II) complexes, 2-9, was prepared by replacing the ...

To test whether the anorexia and host depletion following doxorubicin chemotherapy can be improved by concomitant insulin therapy, 70 F344 rats were divided equally between tumor-bearing (TB) and non-tumor-bearing (NTB) groups and studied for food intake, host weight, and tumor size changes. Sarcoma fragments were implanted s.c. in TB rats and 18 days later all rats received an i.v. dose of dox...

Nontariff barriers (NTBs) refer to the wide range of policy interventions other than border tariffs that affect trade of goods, services, and factors of production. Most taxonomies of NTBs include market-specific trade and domestic policies affecting trade in that market. Extended taxonomies include macro-economic policies affecting trade. NTBs have gained importance as tariff levels have been ...

In this paper the trade restrictiveness of agricultural policies in Iran was measured by the TRIindex for the nine major agricultural products including wheat, rice, barely, maize, soybean,meat (beef meat), soybean oil, sugar and banana over the period 1981 to 2007. The main resultsindicate that there is no trend in above index and high volatility especially in 2006 and 2007years due to conside...

We consider the impact of taxes on the quantity and quality produced of goods, such as wine, for which market value accrues with age. Any pair of taxes that includes a volumetric sales tax and any one of three other types of tax – an ad valorem sales tax, an ad valorem storage tax, or a volumetric storage tax – spans the quality/revenue space and can support an optimal tax system. Provided soci...

This paper studies the effects of ad-valorem tariffs on imported cheese quality. Our starting point is a Gorman-Lancaster-style hedonic model of demand for differentiated products. We build on recent identification results for this type of models to nonparametrically estimate product quality using a panel of cheese imports. We use the quality estimates both to recover the equilibrium price func...

This study examines the impact of the use of new-technology based (NTB) interpersonal communication media on user perception and behavior in social contexts. As a first step, general beliefs based on the media richness theory are examined. In particular, the synchrony and symmetry model is examined in terms of its relevance in explaining the characteristics of NTB media. A new three-dimensional...

This paper shows that the welfare dominance of ad valorem over unit taxes under imperfect competition, extends to the Dixit-Stiglitz framework with differentiated products, entry and love of variety. This contrasts against findings by Anderson et al. (J Public Econ, 2001) made in a similar framework, but under Bertrand competition.

This note shows that in the Zodrow-Miesowski-Wilson model, the Nash equilibrium in capital taxes depends on whether these taxes are unit (as assumed in the literature) or ad valorem (as in reality). In a symmetric version of the model with Cobb-Douglas technology, public good provision is higher, and residents in both countries are better off, when countries compete in unit taxes.

Theory predicts that unit taxes increase the quality in a market since unit taxes reduce the relative price of high quality goods. Ad valorem taxes, on the other hand, have no effect on relative prices and should not affect product quality. The hypothesis is tested empirically in the US wine market. I find that the market share of high quality wine is significantly increased by unit taxes and t...