BACKGROUND Cervical ripening during pregnancy resembles an inflammatory process. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-8, have been linked to inflammatory processes. We studied the concentrations of, and factors associated with, MMP-8 in the lower genital tract fluids in the first and second trimesters. METHODS In a prospective population-based cohort study, vaginal and cervical ...

The gestation period of rats is on average 21 to 23 days. Conceptus can be detected by ultrasonography after the 8‐9th days pregnancy. total number fetuses per pregnancy 1 20. In some cases, abortion occurs depending many etiological factors, and it most common complication subject present case report was surgical management spontaneous using inhalation anesthesia in a rat. material female albi...

Non-puerperal uterine inversion (NPUI) is extremely rare and accounts for 17% of all cases. A few more than 150 cases have been reported amongst which 10-15 in nulliparous females 3-4 virgin from 1914 till date. 40 years unmarried female denying sexual activity presented to our hospital with acute non puerperal complete something coming out per vaginum sudden onset while straining at defecation...

Mummification of the bovine foetus is rare in cows. There is currently limited data available on the success of pregnancies following expulsion of mummified foetuses, especially after expulsion of twin mummified foetuses. This report describes a case of the expulsion of twin mummified foetuses from the uterus two days apart and the process of oestrous synchronisation for a new pregnancy of a fi...

BACKGROUND Approximately 0.6-9 per cent of vaginal deliveries are complicated by third-degree tears. The precise impact of such injuries on future pelvic floor function remains unknown. The aim of this study was to define the extent of structural and physiological damage to the anal sphincter and to investigate anorectal function in women who sustained third-degree tears during vaginal delivery...

A 4-year-old pregnant pointer bitch was brought to Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University with the complaint of vaginal mass and dysuria. In patient’s history, it was learnt that the bitch was mated 50 days ago. Owner also stated that the dog experienced a recent abdominal blunt trauma. On clinical examination, a protruded vagi...

Two young dogs were referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University, one for examination of vaginal discharge and the other after being hit by a car. Dog 1 exhibited a high neutrophil count on Gram-stained vaginal smears, marked leukocytosis on a complete blood count, and uterine enlargement on ultrasonography. In dog 2, a markedly enlarged right uterine horn containin...