during last two decades, polysaccharides such as alginate (alg) alone and in combination with other biopolymers are widely used in vaccine and drug delivery systems. the aim of the present work was to investigate the potential utility of microparticles made of alginate (alg) as new vehicles for improving nasal vaccine delivery. for this purpose, diphtheria toxoid (dt) was chosen as a model anti...

Sublingual immunization, where the vaccine is placed directly under the tongue and absorbed through the sublingual mucosa, has the advantages of ease of delivery without the complication of oral administration or the safety concerns of intranasal vaccines. Sublingual vaccine delivery has been shown to induce development of humoral and cell mediated immunity in both the systemic and mucosal comp...

Spray drying is a promising method for the stabilization of vaccines, which are usually formulated as liquids. Usually, vaccine stability is improved by spray drying in the presence of a range of excipients. Unlike freeze drying, there is no freezing step involved, thus the damage related to this step is avoided. The edge of spray drying resides in its ability for particles to be engineered to ...

The skin is an ideal target tissue for vaccine delivery for a number of reasons. It is highly accessible, and most importantly, enriched in professional antigen presenting cells. Possessing strong similarities to human skin physiology and displaying a defined epidermis, the guinea pig is an appropriate model to study epidermal delivery of vaccine. However, whilst we have characterized the humor...

Mucosal immunization is advantageous over other routes of antigen delivery because it can induce both mucosal and systemic immune responses. Our goal was to develop a mucosal delivery vehicle based on bacteria generally regarded as safe, such as Lactobacillus spp. In this study, we used the Lyme disease mouse model as a proof of concept. We demonstrate that an oral vaccine based on live recombi...

Background Despite high immunization rates, hundreds of thousands of poor and underserved children continue to lack their necessary immunizations and are at risk of acquiring a vaccine-preventable disease. Local Health Departments (LHDs) and public health clinicians figure prominently in efforts to address this problem.   Methods This exploratory research compared ten (10) North Carolina LHDs w...

The objective was to develop microspherebased delivery systems (MDS) for controlled and pulsed-release delivery of recombinant anthrax vaccine via intranasal immunisation. Microsphere-based recombinant protective antigen (RPA) delivery systems for intranasal immunisation were successfully developed, wherein the MDS formulations produced extremely high antibody titres (over 150,000) in mice afte...

Chitosan, which exhibits good biocompatibility, safety, microbial degradation and other excellent performances, has found application in all walks of life. In the field of medicine, usage of chitosan for the delivery of vaccine is favored by a wide range of researchers. However, due to its own natural limitations, its application has been constrained to the beginning of study. In order to impro...

Development of an effective HIV/AIDS vaccine remains a big challenge, largely due to the enormous HIV diversity which propels immune escape. Thus novel vaccine strategies are targeting multiple variants of conserved antibody and T cell epitopic regions which would incur a huge fitness cost to the virus in the event of mutational escape. Besides immunogen design, the delivery modality is critica...

Influenza infection represents a major socio-economic burden worldwide. Novel delivery methods can render influenza vaccination easier and more acceptable by the public, and importantly confer protection equal or superior to that induced by conventional systemic administration. An attractive target for vaccine delivery is the skin. Recent studies have demonstrated improved immune responses afte...