The empirical literature on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) purports to describe how a nation's environmental quality will evolve if it makes the transition from poverty to wealth. The popular generalization is that pollution will first increase and then, if income becomes sufficiently high, decline. Empirical support for this proposition is based primarily on crosscountry variations in i...

The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and related approaches to human-environment problems (e.g., Forest Transition Theory) generally posit an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental degradation and economic development, frequently utilizing a cross-national approach. After numerous years of research, the overall empirical evidence remains equivocal: case studies that appear to sup...

An Empirical Study of the Relationships between CO2 Emissions, Economic Growth and Openness This paper investigates the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and its causal relationships with economic growth and openness by using time series data (1971-2006) from China (an emerging market), Korea (a newly industrialized country), and Japan (a deve...

The present study contributes to the ongoing debate on environmental sustainability and low-carbon agenda in terms of an analysis a relatively new international association, Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Based panel data from SCO countries 2000 2020, hypothesis existence Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) was tested. results showed validity EKC for countries; particular, gross domesti...

This study intends to examine the validity of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in United States America (USA), considering vital role macroeconomic variables, such as economic growth, institutional quality, globalization, energy consumption, financial development, urbanization, and remittance from 1985 2020. The impact positive/negative shock a regressor on CO 2 emissions keeps other regressor...

This paper employs state-of-the-art time series analysis to examine the long-run economic and institutional drivers of toxic chemical use behavior in the U.S. Toxic chemicals are classified into growth, Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), and kinked-growth chemicals, according to their long-run use trend behavior. Cointegration analysis shows that while some toxic chemicals have been successfull...

This paper examines the question of how to interpret a relationship between income and carbon emissions in a country (the environmental Kuznets curve – EKC -for carbon). A very simple and graphical structural model of an EKC is developed and the problems of applying the concept to carbon are discussed. A major issue is the weak link between demand to avoid damage from climate change and regulat...

The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the relationships between CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, trade openness, and urbanization within framework Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for 11 Islamic non-Islamic Emerging Economies in period 1990-2018. For purpose, long-term relationship variables are investigated both country groups using MG, AMG, CCE...

The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) has been extensively criticized on theoretical and empirical grounds. In this article, the EKC is reformulated as the best practice technology frontier—countries’ distances from the frontier reflect the degree to which they have adopted the best practice technology in emissions abatement. The Kalman filter is used to model the state of sulfur emissions abat...

The effect of economic growth on pollution emissions differs substantially among high-income countries. I address this issue by analyzing public environmental policy decisions. Individual heterogeneity, relative income effect and the political framework in which policy decisions are taken determine the emergence of the downward sloping segment of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Income in...