We report here the electrochemistry of emulsion droplets by observing single emulsion droplet collisions with selective electrochemical reduction on an ultramicroelectrode (UME). With appropriately applied potentials at an UME, we can observe the electrochemical effects of single collision signals from the complete electrolysis of single emulsion droplets, or selective electrolysis of redox spe...

Anaerobic digestion is a biological method used to convert organic wastes into a stable product for land application with reduced environmental impacts. The biogas produced can be used as an alternative renewable energy source. Dry anaerobic digestion [>15% total solid (TS)] has an advantage over wet digestion (<10% TS) because it allows for the use of a smaller volume of reactor and because it...

in this research energy efficiency for greenhouse cucumber production in shahreza township located in esfahan province using data envelopment analysis (dea) technique was studied. in this study, data were obtained from 25 randomize active vegetable greenhouses from 60 greenhouses in shahreza township and villages environs. the results showed that the highest and lowest consumed energy were rela...

A study was conducted to determine the effects of solid‐liquid separation of liquid swine manure on ammonia emissions from lagoons. This determination was done at full‐scale in two contiguous swine production units that had similar animal production management. One of these units was maintained as a control using the anaerobic lagoon treatment method. In the second production unit, solids were ...

Water quality in San Francisco Bay has been adversely affected by nitrogen loading from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) discharging around the periphery of the Bay. While there is documented use of zeolites and anammox bacteria in removing ammonia and possibly nitrate during wastewater treatment, there is little information available about the combined process. Though relatively large, zeol...

The performance of the ANAMMOX process was investigated in two identical laboratory-scale multi- and single-fed upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors (denoted R1 and R0) at different hydraulic residence times (HRTs) varying from 2.06 to 1.52 h and NH4(+)-N inf concentrations ranging from 70 to 266 mg L(-1). The substrate removal efficiencies of both reactors decreased as HRT decreased...

It has been less than two decades since anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) coupled to nitrite reduction has been discovered. Already, this process has been recognized as an important sink for fixed nitrogen in the natural environment and has been implemented as a cost-effective ammonium removal technology. Still, little is known about the molecular mechanism of this remarkable reaction. In ...

A comprehensive and global sensitivity analysis was conducted under a range of operating conditions. The relative importance of mass transfer resistance versus kinetic parameters was studied and found to depend on the operating regime as follows: Operating under the optimal loading ratio of 1.90(gO(2)/m(3)/d)/(gN/m(3)/d), the system was influenced by mass transfer (10% impact on nitrogen remova...