The world’s first cities emerged on the plains of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Syria) in the fourth millennium BC. Attempts to understand this settlement process have assumed revolutionary social change, the disappearance of kinship as a structuring principle, and the appearance of a rational bureaucracy. Most assume cities and state-level social organization were deliberate functional adaptati...

The world’s first cities emerged on the plains of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Syria) in the fourth millennium BC. Attempts to understand this settlement process have assumed revolutionary social change, the disappearance of kinship as a structuring principle, and the appearance of a rational bureaucracy. Most assume cities and state-level social organization were deliberate functional adaptati...

The world’s first cities emerged on the plains of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Syria) in the fourth millennium BC. Attempts to understand this settlement process have assumed revolutionary social change, the disappearance of kinship as a structuring principle, and the appearance of a rational bureaucracy. Most assume cities and state-level social organization were deliberate functional adaptati...

The world’s first cities emerged on the plains of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Syria) in the fourth millennium BC. Attempts to understand this settlement process have assumed revolutionary social change, the disappearance of kinship as a structuring principle, and the appearance of a rational bureaucracy. Most assume cities and state-level social organization were deliberate functional adaptati...

The present study attempts to predict the possible impacts and consequences of modern urban concept (smart urbanism) during coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. article reveals smart urbanism in more detail, principles applied worldpractice COVID-19 pandemic, highlights specifics projects that relate urbanism. presents advantages disadvantages a pandemic situation. Relevance: planning time its solv...

New Urbanism design principles have been adopted for many urban planning efforts in recent years. The purpose of this paper is studding the structure and space of Shahid Beheshti Square as one of the most important and old squares of Tabriz from the view of new urbanism principals. In order to reaching this purpose the data were collected through a questionnaire distributed among peoples that a...